Ch8 Digestive System
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| abdominal computed tomography (CT) | a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen
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| abdominal ultrasound | a noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves
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| absorption | the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body
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| acid reducers | decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach
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| acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) | caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth
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| aerophagia | the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach
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| amebic dysentery | an intestinal disorder caused by a parasite
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| anabolism | the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients
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| anastomosis | a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
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| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance
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| antiemetic | a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
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| aphthous ulcers | grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers
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| ascites | an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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| bariatrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
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| borborygmus | the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
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| botulism | food poisoning characterized by paralysis and often death; caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum
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| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting
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| cachexia | a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
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| cheilosis | a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
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| cholangiography | a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
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| cholangitis | an acute infection of the bile duct
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| cholecystectomy | the surgical removal of the gallbladder
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones
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| choledocholithotomy | an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones
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| cholelithiasis | the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
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| cholera | severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera
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| cirrhosis | a progressive degenerative disease of the liver
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| colonoscopy | the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum
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| Crohn's disease | a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
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| diverticulitis | the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon
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| diverticulosis | the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon
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| dyspepsia | pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion
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| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing
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| emesis | the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth; also known as vomiting
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| enteritis | an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens
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| eructation | the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
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| esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
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| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | an endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum
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| gastroduodenostomy | the removal of the pylorus of the stomach and the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease | the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
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| gastrostomy tube | a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach
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| hematemesis | vomiting blood
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| hemoccult test | a lab test for hidden blood in the stools
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| hepatitis | an inflammation of the liver
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| herpes labialis | blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters
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| hiatal hernia | a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
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| hyperemesis | extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
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| ileus | the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine
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| inguinal hernia | the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
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| jaundice | a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes
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| melena | the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools
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| morbid obesity | the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight; also known as clinically severe obesity
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| nasogastric intubation | the placementof a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach
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| obesity | an excessive accumulation of fat in the body
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| periodontium | consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth
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| peristalsis | a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction
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| proctopexy | the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ
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| regurgitation | the return of swallowed food into the mouth
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| salmonellosis | an infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces
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| sigmoidoscopy | the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon
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| stomatorrhagia | bleeding from any part of the mouth
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| trismus | any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
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| ulcerative colitis | a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
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| volvulus | the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction
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| xerostomia | the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth
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