Flash cards for S101A QT2 test
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| These six types of machines are * , * , * , * , * , and * . | The lever, The Wheel and Axle, The Pulley, The Inclined Plane, The Wedge, and The Screw.
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| A machine can never do more work than the energy put into it. True/False | TRUE
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| The wheel and axle is a * -class lever | First
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| A * is the power required to perform one joule of work per second. | Watt
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| A joule of work is done when 1 * of force moves an object 1 meter | Newton
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| Energy equals power multiplied by * . | Time
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| If there were no strong force, only one chemical element could exist- * . | Hydrogen
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| A force acts by overcoming * . | Inertia
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| All known forces are forms of four fundamental forces: * , * , * , and * . | Gravitation, The Electromagnetic Force, The Strong Force, and The Weak Force.
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| Scientists also refer to the motion of a body in terms of a vector quantity-a combination of speed and direction known as * . | Velocity
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| The heat that we use comes from six main sources: * , * , * , * , * , and * . | The Sun, Earth, Chemical Reactions, Nuclear Energy, Friction, and Electricity.
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| Heat passes from one object or place to another by three methods: * , * , and * . | Conduction, Convection, and Radiation.
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| When heat passes into or out of a substance, it may cause: * , * , and * . | Changes in temperature, Changes in size, and Changes in state.
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| Engines can be divided into two groups: * and * . | External-combustion engines and Internal-combustion engines.
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| The velocity of a water balloon at impact depends on the * from which it is dropped. | Height
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| * is the pull of the moon and the sun contribute to the rise and fall of oceans. | Tides
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| Einstein applied general relativity to * , the study of the universe as a whole. | Cosmology
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| The two basic aerodynamic forces are * and * . | Lift and Drag
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| If the angle of attack becomes too large, lift will decrease sharply, producing a condition called * . | Stall
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| The * force propels a sailboat. | Driving
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| An atom becomes an * when it gains or loses an electron and so acquires an electric charge. | Ion
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| Materials known as * resist the movement of electric charge. | Insulators
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| * occurs when electrons moving in the material collide with atoms and give up energy. | Resistance
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| Most generators produce * current. | Alternating
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| Electric power is measured in units called * . | Watts
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| Explain how a steam electric generator works. | *Steam electric power is made my heating water in a nuclear reactor or combustion chamber
*The Steam turns a turbine, which runs a generator, which runs a rotor and stator
*Exciter powers the rotor creating a magnetic field which produces an electric ch
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| Explain how a hydroelectric power plant works. | *Hydroelectric power plants use falling water to turn a turbine and run a generator
*A rotor gets powered, and both it and its magnetic field turn to create an electric charge
*A transformer increases voltage coming from the stator
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| 220,000 gauss equals * tesla. | 22
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| Using the right hand rule, the thumb will always point toward the * pole. | North
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| Green plants and other organisms, such as algae, use light from the sun to grow and to make food through a process called * . | Photosynthesis
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| Low-energy photons have lower frequencies and * colors. | Redder
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| A candle produces light through * . | Combustion
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| * light lies at the center of the visible spectrum. | Green
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| The speed of light in empty space is about * miles per second. | 186,282
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| In the visible spectrum, the longest wavelengths appear * and the shortest wavelengths appear * . | Red, Violet
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| The retina has two main types of light-sensitive cells-- * and * . | Rods, Cones
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| * * * are common primary colors. | Red, Yellow, and Blue.
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| Combining all three primary colors results in * light. | White
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| A substance in which sound waves travel is called a sound * . | Medium
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| The * of a sound is the number of waves that pass a given point each second and is measured in * . | Frequency, Hertz
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| The apparent change in pitch produced by moving objects is called the * effect. | Doppler
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| Natural vibration is called * . | Resonance
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| Explain why sound can travel longer distances at night than during the day. | Because sound travels faster in cooler temperatures, cooler temeratures at night are closer to the ground, therefor sound travels faster at night
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| Einstein’s * theory describes an entity known as space-time. | Special
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| In Einstein’s * theory, matter and energy distort space-time. | General
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| Einstein supported * , a movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. | Zionism
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| Galileo became convinced of the theory, proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, that * * * * *. | All planets, including the Earth, revolve around the sun.
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| Explain why the period doesn’t double when you double the length. | The Period depends on a square root relationship between the pendulum’s length and an acceleration factor. This factor in turn depends on gravity where the pendulum is located.
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| During Galileo’s time, the Catholic church held to * theory that the sun and all the planets revolve around the earth. | Ptolemy’s
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| Explain how historians see Galileo’s real originality. | Historians maintain that Galileo's real originality was his simplistic way of aproaching scientific problems utilizing common sense and simple math descriptions
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| Newton invented a branch of mathematics, * , also invented independently by Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. | Calculus
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| Newton found that the force of universal gravitation makes every pair of bodies in the universe attract each other. The force depends on (1) the * of matter in the bodies being attracted and (2) the * between the bodies. | Amount, Distance
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| * persuaded Newton to publish his findings, paid all the expenses, corrected the proofs, and laid aside his own work to publish Newton's discoveries. | Halley
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| Fermi and other scientists used nuclear * to power the first atomic bombs in 1945. | Fission
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| Fermi produced the first nuclear * * in 1942. | Chain Reaction
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| Bohr assumed that when an electron jumps from an outer orbit to an inner one, it emits * . | Light
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| Bohr suggested that the electrons in the outermost orbit determined the atom's * properties. | Chemical
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| Explain the firsts achieved by Marie Curie with the Nobel Prize. | Marie Curie was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and receive two of them: Physics and Chemistry
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| They found that uranium ore called * gave off much more radiation than could be accounted for by the amount of uranium known to be in the ore. | Pitchblende
Hawking is probably best known for his theories about * * .
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| Hawking suffers from * * * , an incurable disease of the nervous system. | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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| Pascal became known for his experiments with fluids in physics and for his work on * theory in mathematics. | Probability
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| Explain Pascal’s Law | Fluid in vessels transmits pressure equally in all directions
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| Pascal worked on a defense of Christian faith published as * . | Pensees
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| Discuss the difference between invention and discovery. | A discovery is something that already exists and is observed or recognized for the first time and an invention is a creation of something new
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| The greatest spur to invention has been to satisfy the needs divided into three categories: (1) * needs, (2) * needs, and (3) * needs. | Economic, Military, and Social.
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| Jonas E. Salk and Albert B. Sabin developed vaccines that help prevent * . | Poliomyelitis
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| Discuss the factors a successful inventor must have. | An inventor must have the knowledge, technical capacity, and a creative mindset to invent something
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| The Sumerians developed the first system of * . | Writing
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| George Washington Carver developed hundreds of useful products from * . | Peanuts
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