chap 28
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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• Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease | H2 receptor antagonists
;Proton Pump Inhibitors
;Gastric Antacids
;Cytoprotective Drugs
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• Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | Mesalamine (Asacol) (Pentasa) (Rowasa) (Canasa)
;Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
;Budesonide (Entecort)
;Other steroids (hydrocortisone, et al)
;Biologics (infliximab and other -mabs)
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• Prokinetic Drugs | Metocloprapmide (Reglan)
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• Drugs for constipation | • Bisacodyl (dulcolax)
• Fiber
• Magnesium oxide and sodium phosphate)
• Docusate (Colace, Surfak)
• Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
• Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
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• Antidiarrheal drugs | • Loperamide (Imodium)
• Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
• Alosetron (Lotronex)
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• Antiemetic agents | • Other anitemetics
• Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
• Serotonin 5HT-3 antagonists
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H2 receptor antagonists | • Ranitidine (Zantac)
• Famotidine (Pepcid)
• Rizatidine (Axid)
• Cimetidine (Tagament)
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• Proton Pump Inhibitors | • Omeprazole (Prilosec)
• Esomeprazole (Nexium)
• Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
• Deslansoprazole (Dexilent)
• Pantoprazole (Protonix)
• Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
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• Gastric Antacids | • Aluminum and magnesium hydroxides
• Calcium carbonate
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• Cytoprotective Drugs | • Misoprostol (Cytotec)
• Sucralfate (Carafate)
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• Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | • Mesalamine (Asacol) (Pentasa) (Rowasa) (Canasa)
• Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
• Budesonide (Entecort)
• Other steroids (hydrocortisone, et al)
• Biologics (infliximab and other -mabs)
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• Serotonin 5HT-3 antagonists | • Ondansetron (Zofran)
• Other -setrons
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• Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist | • Aprepitant (Amend)
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• Other anitemetics | • Promethazine (Phenergan)
• Dimenhyrinate (Dramamine)
• Meclizine (Antivert)
• Dronabinol (Marinol)
• Dexamethasone (Decadron)
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H2 Blockers | Indications: GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), dyspepsia, PUD (peptic ulcer disease), H. pylori
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H2 Blockers adverse effects | HA, dizziness, constipation
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Proton pump inhibitors | Indications: PUD, Zollinger-Ellison, gastrinomas, GERD, dyspepsia, NSAID use, h. pylori
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Proton pump inhibitors Adverse effects: | skin rash, elevated liver enzymes, minor GI and CNS
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Antacids | Indications: PUD, acid indigestion, dyspepsia
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Antacids Adverse effects: | Magnesium – diarrhea ;
Aluminum & calcium – constipation
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Proton pumps | are in the gastric parietal cells. Prevent secretion of gastric acid for an extended period of time.
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hydrocortisone, sulfasalazine (Azulfadine), infiximab (Remicade), mesalamine (Pentasa) | Indications: ulcerative colitis & Crohn’s
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Glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone) | – induce remission
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Aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine (Azulfadine),) mesalamine (Pentasa) | induce & maintain remission
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Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) (infiximab (Remicade)) | Maintain remission
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GI Motility Disorders | Constipation;
Diarrhea;
GERD;
Gastroparesis;
Chronic ;
Acute;
Diabetic;
Irritable bowel disease (IBS)
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o Metocloprapmide (Reglan) | Indications
GERD, diabetic gastroparesis, antiemetic, intubation of the bowel
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Metocloprapmide (Reglan) ADVERSE | CNS (drowsiness, EPS, seizures);
Contraindications: seizure disorder, GI obstruction or hemorrhage, pheochromocytoma
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docusate sodium (Colace) | Surfactant:
Soften stool
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bisacodyl (Dulcolax) | Stimulant -
Adverse effects: abdominal cramping
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lubiprostone (Amitiza) | Indications:
Chronic idiopathic constipation ;
IBS
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lubiprostone (Amitiza) | Adverse effects:
Nausea;
Diarrhea
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Opioid drugs | diphenoxylate (Lomotil)-RX;
loperamide (Imodium)-OTC
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Serotonin 5-HT3 blockers: ondansetron (Zofran) | Indications:
Chemo-related/radiation N & V;
Post-op ;
Used in pregancy - Cat B
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Serotonin 5-HT3 blockers | Adverse effects
HA
Constipation
Diarrhea
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aprepitant (Emend)(Neurokinin – Blocker ) | Indications: chemo;
Use in combo with 5-HT blocker
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Dopamine D2 Blockers (metoclopramide (Reglan); prochlorperazine (Compazine)) | Indications:
N & V
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Dopamine D2 Blockers | Adverse effects:
Anticholinergic effects
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Constipation | laxatives
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docusate sodium (surfactant laxatives) | stool softeners: incorporate water into fatty intestinal material => soften feces => for those who have hard or dry, irritating or painful passage of stool
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magnesium oxide (milk of magnesia) (osmotic laxatives) | attract and retain water , stimulate peristalsis
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bisacodyl (stimulant laxatives) | evacuating the bowel before surgery or examination (oral or rectal)
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bisacodyl adverse effect | abdominal cramping, electrolyte and fluid depletion
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bisadodyl | short term treatment of constipation
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magnesium and sodium adverse effects | excessive eloss of fluid and electrolytes, not for chronic constipation
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lubiprostone indications | chronic idiopathic constipation: abdominal pain, bloating , hard or lumpy stool
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lubiprostone adverse effects | nausea, diarrhea
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PPIs | the most effective drugs fro treating GERD
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PPIs special choice | for pts with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (a condition with severe ulcers resulting from gastrin-secreting tumors)
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PPI moa | inhibit the proton pump and prevent the secretion of gastric acid for an extended period of time.
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gastric antacids | neutralize stomach acid, raise GI pH to relieve the pain of dyspepsia and acid indigestion and enable PUD to heal
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gastric antacids | available without a prescription to treat acid indigestion and dyspepsia
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PPI or H2 blockers | PPI are preferred for PUD because they heal 80% to 100% of ulcers in 4 weeks whereas H2 blockers require 6 to 8 weeks
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Sucralfate indications | PUD: treat active ulcers and suppress recurrence ulcers
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Sucralfate adverse effect | constipation, GI, Laryngospasm
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Sucralfate adverse effect | cause Laryngospasm
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Misoprostol: | prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers
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Misoprostol contraindication | Pregnancy
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Misoprostol adverse effects | diarrhea, intestinal cramping, GI reactions
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metochopramide | inhibit vomiting
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metochopramide | D2 recepter antagonist
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dronabinol | for cancer chemotherapy induced emesis, appetite stimulant for anorexic pt with AIDs
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aprepitant | prevent emesis , prevent acute and delayed nausea and vomiting occuring with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy
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peptic ulcers | too much of gastric acid secretions
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primary gastric acid inhibitors | H2 antagonist and Proton pump inhibitors
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Gastric antacids | relieve heartburn and dyspepsia
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