development of back
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| where is neural tube and neural crest cell develope from? | Epiblast-> ectoderm -> neura tube and neural crest cell
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| Neuroepithelial layer | give rise to all spinal neurons and some support cell
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| Mantle layer | form by neuroepithelial cell that divide and differentiate into neuroblast cells
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| Marginal layer | region that will contain white matter + Meninges
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| Meninges | layer of membrane that give rise to CNS
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| after thickening of neural tube, what does mantle layer differentiate into? | 1) Alar plate (posterior horn)
2) Basal plate (anterior horn)
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| Alar plate | formed from mantle layer, it formed posterior horn (sensory neuron)
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| Basal plate | formed from mantle layer, it formed anterior horn (motor neuron)
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| Intermediate horm | formed between posterior and anterior horns
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| where does motor and sensory neuron meet? | spinal nerve
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| where does Posterior ramus innverate? | Motor and sensory of dermomyotome of Back
example: erretus and intrinsic muscle of back
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| Where does anteriro ramus innverate with? | Motor and sensory of dermomyotome of body wall and limbs
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| Ramus vs Root | Root contribute to ramus
Root contain either sensory (posterior root) or motor (anterior root) neurons
Ramus contains both motor and sensory
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| landmark of dermatome | C3=neck, T4=nipple, T10=umbilical, L1-Inguinal line, C8=5th digit of hand, C6=Pollex, L4=knee, L5=anterior ankle and foot, S2=posterior lower limb
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| where does anterior ramus goes to? | To the hypomere: skin (everywhere except midline of back) and to hypaxial (extrinsic0 muscle
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| Where does posterior ramus goes to? | To the epimere: skin along the midline of back (to the coastal angle) and to epaxial (instrinsic) muscle
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| Hypomere | skin (everywhere except midline of back) and to the hypaxial (extrinsic muscle)
inneverated by anterior ramus
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| Epimere | Skin along the midline of back (to the coastal angle) and to epaxial(intrinsic) muscle
innverated by posterior ramus
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| Sclerotome resegmentation | Sclerotome is resegnmented into upper and lower part, which then migrate to adjacent to allow nerve fiber transmission proces
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| what does sclerotomal mesenchyme give rise to? | Vertebrae and Rib
Sclerotomal mesenchyme ==> cartilage ==> bone
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| disease when spinous process is not form? | Spina bifida
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| Name possible clinical disease associate with spina bifida | 1) spina bifida occulta
2) meningocele (surgically removed)
3) meningomyelocele
4) Rachischisis (usually fatal)
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| After formation of vertebrate, what does notochord become? | Nucleus pulposus
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| Which segment does T12 most assoicate with? | Lower lumbar spinal cord segment
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| Which segment does L1 most assoicate with? | All sacral spinal cord segment
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