test1 study guide
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| What is the result of a scientific experiment | Strong correlation between independent variable and dependent variable
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| Results of the control group tell you about the variable | High morality in control group
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| Taking a prescription medicine models what step in the scientific method | testing a hypothesis
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| What activities are stimulated by the germ theory | Precautious disease- causing pathogens can spread from an infected indivisual to an uninfected indivisual
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| What is the cell plasma membrane | Separated from the outside environment by a flexible
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| What is evidence for the common ancestor of life | • Hypothesis supported by the observation that all cells in all living organisms use DNA to direct their structure function and behavior
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| What are autotrophs | These organisms make their own energy /producers of own energy source
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| These organisms obtain their energy from other organisms | Heterotroph/ consumers
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| What created by the interactions of 2 or more populations | Community level or organization
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| What is the advantage of multicellularity | Cells-> tissues→ organs→ individual
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| What is an organ | Composed of two or more tissues
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| What is the biosphere | Includes all life forms and the spaces where they live
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| What cannot be tested by scientific method | Questions about topics other than the natural world
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| What results support the hypothesis p kills fish | A predicted increase in pizzeria populations coincided with a fish die of
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| What is used to contrast evolutionary tree | Based on a set of shared characteristics believed to have arisen in a common ancestor share some features with their ancestors
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| Animal and fungi belong to this domain | Eukaraya
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| What are prokaryotes | Lacks a nucleus that encloses the cell’s DNA
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| What are prokaryote cell with lipid laden membrane | Archae cells
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| What is the result of adaptations that allow them to live in any environment | Reason bacteria and Achaea, are considered the most successful inhabitants of the planet
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| What is salt | Halophiles are archaic hat love this compound
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| What is extreme hot found in hot geysers | Archaens survive the temperature in the water
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| What are cells of bacteria | Cells have the following shapes rod sphere or corkscrew
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| What are functions of bacteria | Can provide the nitrate necessary for plant nutrition and can be used to clean up oil spills
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| What are viruses | Constructed from a protein wrapped around DNA or RNA
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| How bacteria reproduce | Binary fission
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| how bacteria communicate form slime | Quorum sensing
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| Most ancient eukaryotes are what? | Fossils of red algae
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| What is sexual reproduction | Eukaryotes reproduction method which gives greater genetic variability between parents and offspring
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| What describes a multicellular functionality / what is the organization of multicellularity | Each specialized cell uses genes that are not expressed in other cells.
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| What belongs to the kingdom | Protista is the taxon that contains organisms that resemble animal or plants or fungi
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| Mosses were the first plants to do this | Colonize land
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| Carbon dioxide, water, and light energy are necessary for this plant process | What is photosynthesis
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| Kingdom first to conquer land | What are Plants
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| Plants that do not posses roots | What are moss
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| What is Lignin | Chief constituent of wood, that binds to cellulose fibers and hardens and strengthens the cell walls of plants to allow them to extend upward
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| These kingdoms share the ability to photosynthesize | Plants, bacteria
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| These two plant groups provide their embryos with stored food that can support growth before photosynthesis begins | Angiosperms and gymnosperms
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| What is arrival of the pollen grain on the female reproductive part of the plant | Pollination of carpel
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| What plants rely on nocturnal bats for pollination | These flowers open at night and are closed during the day
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| Underground mycelium is larger than this part of mushroom | the above ground fruiting body
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| Photoautotroph to chemoheterotrophic | An animal that can go from photoautotroph to chemoheterotrophic is mycotrophic
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| What is xylem | plant tissue specialized for transporting water and dissolved nutrients
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| What structure maintain tissue integrity and multicellularity in animals | Most animals produce a fiber-rich extracellular matrix to which their cells can attach
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| What is the Developmental sequence after fertilization | Zygote to blastula to gastrula.
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| What are deuterostome | Derive the anus from the blastopore.
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| What system develops from the endoderm layer | Digestive system—endoderm
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| What is cephalization | Body plan with anterior location of feeding and sensory structures.
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| What is the nervous system communication with the muscular system | Some parasites actively sense potential hosts or mates and move toward them.
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| This animal has circulatory system and digestive system but lacks a respiratory system | the earthworm
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| what do Mollusk contribute this to marine ecosystems | They contribute diversity
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| What is a Cephalopod | Mollusk whose predatory lifestyle probably contributed to extraordinary intellectual development
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| Centipede—myriapods | Authropod matched with its class
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| Carbohydrate found in arthropod exoskeleton | Chitin
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| Reason vertebrates form a lineage that began with a common ancestor | Humans, birds, and frogs are all vertebrates
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| Mammals do this so they have very successful reproductions |
The mammary gland for nourishing their young and the placenta is for supporting the growth of the embryo
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| The amniotic egg reduces dependency to this environment | Dependent on the aquatic environment reptiles were the first
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| Structure that initially insulated this dinosaur | feathers
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| Developing scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by | Making an observation
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| The basic unit of life is the | cell
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| Living cells are separated from the outside environment by a flexible | Membrane
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| DNA is one of the features common to all known forms of life | It is the blueprint that guides growth,, development, behavior, reproduction of all organisms
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| Which organism might harvest energy from iron | Bacterium
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| At the base of the evolutionary tree of all life is the | Universal ancestor
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| Evolutionary trees are based on | A set of shared characteristics
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| With the exception of the __ the following kingdoms are placed within the domain eukaryote | Bacteria
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| Which of the following would contain the most closely related group of phyla | Kingdom
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| The most restrictive category in the Linnaean classification system is | Species
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| The most ancient eukaryotic fossils are similar to red algae, a type of __ abundant today | Protist
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| Biologists hypothesize several advantages for the larger cell size typically observed in eukaryotes including | Storage food, larger selection of potential prey, improved defensive system
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| Although exceptions exist, reproduction in most eukaryotes involves | Two indivisuals combing DNA during the formation of a new organism
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| The dependence on sexual reproduction in the more complex eukaryotes suggest a greater number of benefits than asexual reproduction one example is the | Greater gentic variability between parents and offspring
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| Protest may superficially resemble organisms in the other kingdoms one exception is the kingdom whose members do not resemble protist in any way | Bacteria
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| Most animals reproduce sexually fertilization begins a developmental sequence that progresses from | Zygote to blastula to gastrula
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| Whith the exception of the sponges all animals develop embryologically in one of two ways chordates and echinoderms as deuterostones | Derives the anus from the blastopore
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