WCHC Zoology Chapter 14
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| Copepodsny | one of many groups of animals belonging to the phylum Arthropoda
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| Arthropods | the phylum of animals whose members possess metamerism with tagmatization, a jointed exoskeleton, and a ventral nervous system, includes insects, crustasceans, spiders, and related animals.
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| exoskeleton | an external, jointed skeleton
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| tagmatization | the specialization of body regions of a metameric animal for specific functions, the head of an arthropod is specialized for feeding and sensory functions
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| epidermal layer | sometimes called the Hypodermis because it is covered on the outside by an exoskeleton, and not directly exposed to air or water
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| epicuticle | outermost layer of the exoskeleton, made of waxy lipoprotein
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| Chitin | a tough leathery polysaccharide, and several kinds of proteins
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| ecdysis | Molting process, 4 stages 1)enzymes, secreated from hypodermal glands 2)new procuticle and epicuticle are secreted 3) the old exoskeleton splits open 4)finally, calcium carbonate deposits and hardens the new exoskeleton
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| hemocoel | large tissue space within an arthropod that contains blood, derived rom the blastocoel of the embryo
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| metamorphosis | a radical change in body form and physiology as an immature stage, usually called a larva, becomes an adult
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| biramous appendages | triolobite appendages consisted of two lobes or rami; inner lobe is a walking leg outer lobe bore spikes or teeth, that were used in digging or swimming
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| prosma | or cephalothorax, is a sensory, feeding and locomotor tagma, usually bears eyes, and has no antennae
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| chelicerae | first pair, often pincerlike or chelate, and are most often used in feeding
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| pedipalps | second pair, usually sensory but may also be used in feeding, locomotion or reproduction; paired walking legs follow the pedipalps
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| opisthosoma | posterior to the prosoma, contains digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory organs
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| limulus polyphenmus | widely distributed in the Atlantic ocean and the Gulf of Mexico
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| genital opercula | first pair of opisthosomal appendages cover genital pores on the horseshoe crab
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| book gills | five remaining pairs of appendages; derived from the resemblance of these platelke gills to the pages of a closed book
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| preadaptation | oocurs when a structure present in members of a species proves useful in promoting reproductive success when an individual encounters new environmental situations.
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| coxal glands | paired, thin-walled, spherical bathed in blood of body sinuses, empties through a pore near the proximal joint of the leg
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| malpighian tubules | the blind-ending excretory and osmoregulatory tubles that join the midgut of insects and some othe arthropods. Secrete waste products and form urine
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| book lungs | modification of the arthropod exoskeleton into a series of internal plates that provide surfaces for gas exchange between the blood and air, found in spiders
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| tracheae | the small tubes that carry air from spiracles throught the body cavity of an arthropod, arthropod tracheae are modifications of the exoskeleton
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| spiracles | an opeining for ventilation, the opening of the tracheal system of an arthoropod or an opening posterior to the eye of a shark, skate, or ray
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| sensilla | modifications of the arthropod exoskeleton that, along with nerve cells, form sensory receptors
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| oviparous | organisms that lay eggs that develop outside the body of the female
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| ovoviviparous | organisms with eggs that develop within the female reproductive tract and that are nourished by food stored in the egg
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| viviparous | organisms with eggs that develop within the female reproductive tract and are nourished by the female
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| protopodite | the basal segment of biramous appendage of a crustacean
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| endopodite | the medial ramus of the biramous appendages of crustaceans and trilobites
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| mandibles | the lower jaw of vertebrates; the paired, grinding oand tearing arthropod mouthparts, derived from anterior head appendages
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| maxillae | one member of a pair of mouthparts just posterior to the mandibles of many arthropods
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| serially homologous | metameric structures that have evolved from a common form, the biramous appendages of crustaceans are serially homologous
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