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AP US History
Northern Colonies
| Glossary Terms | Definition |
|---|---|
| Act of Supremacy | The parliamentary act by which Henry VIII became head of the Church of England. This also outlawed the Catholic Church of England and gave all holdings of the Catholic Church to the king. |
| Pilgrims | English Protestants who sought to withdraw and separate from the Church of England. Because these actions would be severely punished in England, they migrated to North America in search of a place where they could establish the life they envisioned. |
| Mayflower Compact | The document signed by the Pilgrims when they realized that they had landed far north of their Virginia grant. This doucument was inteded to provide order, security, and a claim to legitimacy until the king granted them formal legal rights. |
| William Bradford | Prominent leader of the pilgrims who became governor of Plymouth. |
| Puritanism | The set of ideas and religious principles that appealed to dissenters from the English Church. |
| Massachusetts Bay Company | English chartered company that established the Massachusetts Bay colony in New England. |
| John Winthrop | Leader of the Puritans who wanted a utopian society(“City upon a Hill”) that would be idolized by the rest of the world. |
| Predestination | The idea that god has already decided which souls will receive eternal life, and nothing a person does in his/her lifetime can alter this choice. |
| “Invisible Saints” | People who were fortunate enough to be among the handful of people predestined by God to receive eternal life. Puritans thought these believers could be identified by their behavior and that membership in a Puritan church was a sign of salvation. |
| General Court | Massachusetts Bay Company's stockholders who met to make laws that would govern the Company’s business. |
| Roger Williams | An extreme puritan who arrived to New England in 1631, denouncing it as un-pure, ungodly, and thought religion and government should be separate. He believed in religious tolerance, so started the colony of Rhode Island where such a practice was possible. |
| Anne Hutchinson | She preached ideas that ran counter to the government's beliefs in New England, thus was proclaimed a dissenter and excommunicated by the Church of Boston, ultimately moving to New York. |
| Thomas Hooker | He disagreed with Winthrop and argued that men and women who lived godly lives should be admitted to the church even if they had not experienced conversion. He left for Connecticut with other 800 people in 1636 |
| Halfway Covenant | The compromise that allowed the unconverted children of Puritan saints to be members of the church. This marked a decline in puritan religious fervor. |
| Quakers | A Protestant sect that believed that the individual was spoken to directly by God. Their refusal to keep the Sabbath, along with their belief that preachers, and the Bible were not needed, made them outcasts in America and frequent targets of abuse. |
| Salem Witch Trials | These trials held Massachusetts were proof of the faltering of the strength of religion in the Northern Colonies. Needing scapegoats to blame for the religious problems in New England, more than 100 women were accused of witchcraft. |
| New Amsterdam | A small settlement that had been established by the Dutch on the southern tip of Manhattan island, becoming a center of trade in New Netherlands. |
| New Netherlands | The Dutch American colony, situated on Manhattan Island. It did not attract many European immigrants, but was still a diverse colony despite the small number of immigrants. In 1664, this colony became New York under Charles II instead of a Dutch colony |
| Propriety Colonies | Colonies granted by the English crown to an individual or a group. |
| Pennsylvania | This state was founded by William Penn, a prominent English Quaker, in order to make a Quaker colony in America. This state's capital was very ethnically diverse, and rivaled NY as a center of commerce. |
| Charter of Privileges | Legislation passed in Pennsylvania in 1701, giving the proprietor the power to appoint the council but stripping the council of its powers and turning those powers over to the elected assembly. |
| The Navigation Acts | Legislation passed by Parliament in 1650, 1651, and 1660 that set forth the fundamental regulations governing colonial trade because they specified that goods imported into England had to be transported in English ships. |
| King Phillip’s War | A war that broke out as a result of the English settler's encroachment on Indian lands. The Indians wrecked over 20 American settlements The war left the Americans with a hatred of Indians, a devastated frontier and a large war debt. |
| Dominion of New England | A short-lived administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America in order to enforce the Navigation Acts and to coordinate the mutual defense of colonies against the French and hostile Native Americans. |
| Parliament | The legislative body in England. |
| English Reformation | Henry VIII's break with the Roman Catholic Church, which established the nominally Protestant Church of England. Henry VIII's decision was politically motivated; he had no particular quarrel with Catholic theology. |
| "Little Commonwealth" | John Winthrop's description of how families should be run. Each family was considered this because it mirrored the hierarchy of God's creatures, with humankind being subordinate to God. |
| Freemen | The term used for the Massachusetts Bay Company's stockholders. These individuals made up the General Court that made the laws governing the company's affairs and were able to vote for the civil government of the colony as well. |
| Colonial Council | Pennsylvania's civil government, which was elected by property owners who possessed at least one hundred acres of land or who paid taxes and had the power to originate laws and administer the affairs of the government. |
| Royal Charters | These were issued by a king to exercise greater control over colonial governments. In many cases, these replaced the proprietary claims that had previously been made on lands in America. |
| Glorious Revolution | This overthrew James II and placed William of Orange on the throne of England. James I, a Catholic, had an aggressive campaign to put Catholics in government posts. In reaction, a group of Protestant noblemen asked William to be the king of England. |
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