| Question |
Answer |
| Name the four classifications of bones |
1. Long Bones 2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones |
| example of a long bone |
femur humerus |
| example of a short bone |
carpals tarsals |
| example of a flat bone |
scull scapula ribs |
| example of a irregular bone |
vertebrae |
| structure of a long bone |
diaphysis - periosteum - epiphysis - articular cartilage |
| describe diaphysis |
shaft of the bone, dense compact bone covered by a hard outer casingq |
| periosteum |
hard outer casing of the bone |
| epiphysis |
bone end less dense spongy bone covered by articular cartilage |
| articular cartilage |
covers the bone ends and allows the bones to move more freely over each other and ot protect the bone beneath from possible friction |
| Name the five functions of the skeleton |
Storage - Shape - Protection - Production - Movement |
| What does the skeleton store? |
In the long bones there is a storage of mineral like calcium and phosphorus necessary for bone health |
| Shape? |
The skeleton gives us our supportive framework giving us our charateristic shape. |
| Protection? |
The skeleton protects delicate structures . the skull protects the brain |
| Production? |
Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. White blood cells contribute to the bodys defensive system. |
| What is osteoporosis? |
Brittle bone disease. |
| What is a joint |
When two or more bones meet to form a joint whether they allow movement or not. |
| Ligaments connect |
bone to bone prevent unwanted movement make joints more stable |
| Name the three types of joints |
Immoveable Slightly moveable Freely moveable |
| Immoveable fibrous fixed joint |
no joint cavity bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue little or no movement possible |
| Bone is classified as what? |
Connective tissue |
| Ossification means what? |
When calcium and minerals are deposited on cartilage which then hardens and becomes bone. |
| Osteoblasts are cells which? |
create new bone |
| Osteoclasts are cells which? |
remove existing bone |
| What age does the skeleton mature |
25 |
| To which age to the bones get stronger |
35 |
| Risk factors contributing to osteoparosis |
low body fat percentages (less 20pc) smoking excessive alcohol sedentry lifestyle inadequate diet insufficient calcium intake |
| Which hormones work in favour of osteoblasts? |
Ostrogen in women Testosterone in men Calcitonin (from thyroid) and calcium intake. |
| According to Wolfs Law which percentage of skeleton is replaced by a healthy regular active person |
10per cent |
| Description of long bones |
Act as levers greater in length long diaphysis variable number of epipyses most are slightly curved (shock absorbers at different points) |
| description of short bones |
Strong less mobile than long bones cubed shaped equal in length than width spongy bone tissue (except on surface which is thin layer compact bone) |
| description of flat bones |
vary in shape generally thin parallel plates of compact bone enclosing layer of spongy bone tissue provide a large surface for muscle attachment |
| decscripton of irregular bones |
bones which cannot be grouped into any other category eg vertebrae |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
