| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Central Place Theory | Walter Christaller in 1933. |
| Concentric Circle Theory | Ernest Burgess in 1925. |
| Sector Theory | Homer Hoyt in 1939. |
| Multiple Nuclei Theory | Harris and Ullman in 1945. |
| Rational Planning Model | rational man" always maximizes his utility or satisfaction. The idea is to apply the concepts of the scientific method to city planning. |
| Rational Planning Model steps | 1. Set Goals 2. Determine Alternatives 3. Evaluate the Alternatives 4. Choose an Alternative 5. Implement the Alternative 6. Evaluate |
| Incremental Planning Theory | Charles Lindblom in 1959 |
| Incremental Planning Theory | He suggests that planning has to be piece meal, incremental, opportunistic, and pragmatic. He argued that planning in the real world is not rational and comprehensive, but instead disjointed and incremental. |
| Mixed Scanning Planning Theory | Amitai Etzioni introduced concept as a compromise between the rational and incremental planning theories. Views planning decisions at two levels: the big picture and the small picture. |
| Advocacy Planning Theory | developed in the 1960's by Paul Davidoff as a way to represent the interests of groups within a community. result in plural plans for public consideration. |
| Equity Planning Theory | Norman Krumholz adopted in Cleveland, during the 1970s. planners should work to redistribute power, resources, or participation away from the elite and toward the poor and working-class residents of the community. |
| Environmental Racism | Fair treatment of people of all races, cultures and income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, programs and policies |
| Transactive Planning Theory | John Friedmann in 1973 published a book titled Retracking America: A Theory of Transactive Planning. Theory was developed in the 1970s as a way to get the public involved in the planning process. Plans are evaluated on improvements to |
| Transactive Planning Theory | quality of life, not the delivery of services. |
| Radical Planning | John Friedmann, 1987, "Planning in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action". Radical planning takes the power away from the government and provides it to the people. In this process citizens get together and develop their own plans. |
| Communicative Planning Theory | currently the theory of choice among planning practioners. Planners around the nation have moved towards more open planning that includes a much more intensive citizen participation process. |
| Communicative Planning Theory | recognizes that planning operates within the realm of politics, containing a variety of stakeholder interests. The communicative approach tries to use a rational model as a basis for bringing mutual understanding among all stakeholders. Planners can provi |
| Saul Alinsky | Advocay planner. Worked in Chicago, founed "Back of the Yards". led a series of marches and boycotts in order to gain power to successfully negotiate for economic and political gain |
| Ebenezer Howard | Garden City Movement |
| Garden City | circular cities that had agriculture around them. They were meant to accommodate about 32,000 people; that you would have the central core a series of homes around rounded boulevards. You would have your farmland. You would have your industry around edges |
| Daniel Burnham | White City. That was with the Chicago Exposition of 1893. The idea was that, “We need to have beautiful downtowns, beautiful cities, |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | Broad Acre City. His idea was that basically we would have people who live out in the countryside. They would have several acres, drive to work |
| Radiant Cities | Le Corbusier. His idea is that you would have a series of extremely large high-rise buildings that would be mixed-use. You’d have office then residential and retail all in the same buildings, and they would be surrounded by greenspace |
| Garden City Movement | originated in England, you saw it implemented to some degree in England. |
| Garden City | 1928, Ratford, New Jersey began construction. That was the first Garden City-type of development that was in the United States. Following that you had the New Deal/Greenbelt towns. Industry/comm never built |
