rational man" always maximizes his utility or satisfaction. The idea is to apply the concepts of the scientific method to city planning.
Rational Planning Model steps
1. Set Goals 2. Determine Alternatives 3. Evaluate the Alternatives 4. Choose an Alternative 5. Implement the Alternative 6. Evaluate
Incremental Planning Theory
Charles Lindblom in 1959
Incremental Planning Theory
He suggests that planning has to be piece meal, incremental, opportunistic, and pragmatic. He argued that planning in the real world is not rational and comprehensive, but instead disjointed and incremental.
Mixed Scanning Planning Theory
Amitai Etzioni introduced concept as a compromise between the rational and incremental planning theories. Views planning decisions at two levels: the big picture and the small picture.
Advocacy Planning Theory
developed in the 1960's by Paul Davidoff as a way to represent the interests of groups within a community. result in plural plans for public consideration.
Equity Planning Theory
Norman Krumholz adopted in Cleveland, during the 1970s. planners should work to redistribute power, resources, or participation away from the elite and toward the poor and working-class residents of the community.
Environmental Racism
Fair treatment of people of all races, cultures and income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, programs and policies
Transactive Planning Theory
John Friedmann in 1973 published a book titled Retracking America: A Theory of Transactive Planning. Theory was developed in the 1970s as a way to get the public involved in the planning process. Plans are evaluated on improvements to
Transactive Planning Theory
quality of life, not the delivery of services.
Radical Planning
John Friedmann, 1987, "Planning in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action". Radical planning takes the power away from the government and provides it to the people. In this process citizens get together and develop their own plans.
Communicative Planning Theory
currently the theory of choice among planning practioners. Planners around the nation have moved towards more open planning that includes a much more intensive citizen participation process.
Communicative Planning Theory
recognizes that planning operates within the realm of politics, containing a variety of stakeholder interests. The communicative approach tries to use a rational model as a basis for bringing mutual understanding among all stakeholders. Planners can provi
Saul Alinsky
Advocay planner. Worked in Chicago, founed "Back of the Yards". led a series of marches and boycotts in order to gain power to successfully negotiate for economic and political gain
Ebenezer Howard
Garden City Movement
Garden City
circular cities that had agriculture around them. They were meant to accommodate about 32,000 people; that you would have the central core a series of homes around rounded boulevards. You would have your farmland. You would have your industry around edges
Daniel Burnham
White City. That was with the Chicago Exposition of 1893. The idea was that, “We need to have beautiful downtowns, beautiful cities,
Frank Lloyd Wright
Broad Acre City. His idea was that basically we would have people who live out in the countryside. They would have several acres, drive to work
Radiant Cities
Le Corbusier. His idea is that you would have a series of extremely large high-rise buildings that would be mixed-use. You’d have office then residential and retail all in the same buildings, and they would be surrounded by greenspace
Garden City Movement
originated in England, you saw it implemented to some degree in England.
Garden City
1928, Ratford, New Jersey began construction. That was the first Garden City-type of development that was in the United States. Following that you had the New Deal/Greenbelt towns. Industry/comm never built
Poultry
