| Description |
Name(s) |
| Settled in New England for religious freedom; not tolerant to other religioius donominations |
Puritans |
| Rich, English nobility who settled in the south; received large land grants from the King of England; started plantations |
Cavaliers |
| settled in Pennsylvania (part of the middle colonies); didn't believe in fighting; most famous is William Penn |
Quakers |
| poor people who agreed to work on plantations for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies |
indentured servants |
| Enlightenment philosopher who influenced Jefferson; natural rights of life, liberty, and property; social contract; people have a right to rebel if their rights were not being protected by the government |
John Locke |
| writer of Common Sense; spoke out against the King of England; contributed to the breakout of the American Revolution |
Thomas Paine |
| Virginian writer who wanted the colonies to rebel against England; said, "but as for me, give me liberty or give me death" |
Patrick Henry |
| writer of the Declaration; President of the US; leader of the Democrat-Republicans; favored states' rights; wrote Virginia Statute for Religious Freedoms |
Thomas Jefferson |
| Massachusetts militia who fought at the first battles of the Revolution--Lexington and Concord |
Minutemen |
| people who supported the colonies fighting the English in the American Revolution |
patriots |
| colonists who continued to support England during the American Revolution |
loyalists |
| people who didn't choose sides during the American Revolution; tried to stay uninvolved |
neutrals |
| Negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France during the American Revolution |
Benjamin Franklin |
| leader of the Continental Army; chairman at the Constitutional Convention; President of the US |
George Washington |
| "father of the Constitution"; wrote most of the Bill of Rights; authored the Virginia Plan; President of the US |
James Madison |
| wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights; said human rights should not be violated by the government |
George Mason |
| contributed to the Federalist Papers supporting the ratification of the Constitution; leader of the Federal party; wanted a strong central government |
Alexander Hamilton |
| Supreme Court Chief Justice; Marlbury vs. Madison (judicial review) and McCulloch vs. Maryland |
John Marshall |
| hired by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase |
Lewis and Clark |
| Indian woman who served as a tour guide for Louis and Clark |
Sacagawea |
| US President who said European countries must stay out of affairs of the Western Hemisphere |
James Monroe |
| US President; leader of the Federalist Party; |
John Adams |
| invented the cotton gin; resulted in expansion of slavery |
Eli Whitney |
| responsible for theTrail of Tears; issued the most vetos of any prior President; vetoed the existence of the Bank of the US; his actions caused the Panic of 1837 |
Andrew Jackson |
| wanted a Bank of the US; ran against Jackson under the National Republican Party, but lost; known as the Great Comprimiser because of the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 |
Henry Clay |
| white abolitionist who headed the newspaper, "The Liberator" |
William Lloyd Garrison |
| abolitionist who wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin"; help fuel anger towards slavery and contributed to the Civil War |
Harriet Beecher Stowe |
| These two slaves led slave rebellions in the South; caused the South to impose harsh laws against runaway (fugitive) slaves. |
Nat Turner & Gabriel Prosser |
| His election caused the Civil War; first Republican Party President; issued the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address and "A House Divided" speech; did not want to punish the South for the war: "with malice towards know, and charity for al |
Abraham Lincoln |
| responsible for the Kansas-Nebraska Act which supported popular sovereighty (the right for the people to vote whether their state would be slave or free), ran against Lincoln in the Presidential Election |
Stephen Douglas |
| court case about an escaped slave; favored the South and said fugitive slaves who escaped must be returned to their owners; angered many Northerners |
Dred Scott |
| these two women led the women's rights movement; organized the Seneca Falls Convention; wanted women's suffrage |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony |
| Leader of the Union (Northern) Army during the Civil War; later becomes President |
Ulysses S. Grant |
| leader of the Confederate (Southern) army |
Robert E. Lee |
| first and only President of the Confederacy during the Civil War |
Jefferson Davis |
| escaped slave turned abolitionist; urged Lincoln to use black troops in the Union army |
Frederick Douglass |
| became President after Lincoln's assassination; very lenient (easy) towards the South during Reconstruction |
Andrew Johnson |
| discovered a cheap way to make steel; steel production is important for the Industrial Revolution to occur |
Henry Bessemer |
| invented the light bulb |
Thomas Edison |
| invented the telephone |
Alexander Graham Bell |
| invented the airplane |
Wright Brothers |
| invented assembly line manufacturing when producing his Model T Fords |
Henry Ford |
| big businessman; steel production |
Andrew Carnegie |
| big businessman; built railroads |
Cornelius Vanderbuilt |
| big businessman; finance |
J.P. Morgan |
| big businessman; oil |
John D. Rockefeller |
| led an anti-lynching campaign |
Ida B. Wells |
| said blacks should receive vocational education for economic success; said segregation was okay |
Booker T. Washington |
| said education was meaningless without equality; created the NAACP |
W.E.B. DuBois |
| "Square Deal" |
Theodore Roosevelt |
| 14 Points (WWI) freedom of the seas, mandate system, self-determination, League of Nations |
Woodrow Wilson |
| Man who led the American Federation of Labor |
Samuel Gompers |
| Man who led the American Railway Union |
Eugene Debs |
| "Dollar Diplomacy" with Latin America |
President Taft |
| "New Deal" to end the Depression; President also during WWII |
Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Leader of Germany; Nazi Party; WWII |
Adolf Hitler |
| Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII and the beginning of the Cold War |
Josef Stalin |
| Prime minister of Britain during WWII |
Winston Churchill |
| US General at D-Day invasion during WWII; later becomes President during the Korean War |
Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| President who decided to use the atomic bomb in Japan; during the Cold War said the US would follow a policy to stop the spread of communism; resulted in the US entering the Korean and Vietnam Wars |
Harry S. Truman |
| African-American group who served during WWII with distinction in Europe |
Tuskegee Airmen |
| Japanese-American regiments during WWII |
Nisei |
| their Native American language was used in a code that was never broken during WWII |
Navajo Indians |
| "nickname" representing the American women who replaced the men in the factories during WWII |
Rosie the Riveter |
| his plan gave billions of dollars to western Europe to rebuild after WWII; help stop these countries from becoming communist during the Cold War |
Marshall |
| President during the 60s; resigned from office because of the Watergate affair; |
Richard Nixon |
| Cold War President assassination in Texas in 1963; responsible for the US military build-up in Vietnam; began the space with USSR; said "ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country" Also said, "pay any price, bear any b |
John F. Kennedy |
| President who replaced Kennedy |
Lyndon B. Johnson |
| communist leader of Cuba; allowed USSR to place missiles in his country; Cuban Missile Crisis |
Fidel Castro |
| Americans convicted of spying for the USSR against the US; caused americans to fear communists living among them |
Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
| during the Cold War; this man accussed many government officals and citizens of being communists based on little evidence |
Joseph MaCarthy |
| President who is given credit for ending the Cold War; told Soviet to "tear down that wall" in Berlin, Germany; said Communism was immoral; built up massive amounts of nuclear weapons |
Ronald Reagan |
| Soviet leader who allowed his country to open up to the "free" world; glasnost and perestroika |
Gorbachev |
| led the NAACP Legal Defensive Team in Brown vs. Board of Education which reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson' s segregation |
Thurgood Marshall |
| "I have a dream" speech at the March on Washington 1963; leader of the Civil Rights Movement; |
Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| first US woman on the Supreme Court |
Sandra Day O'Conner |
| first American in space |
John Glenn |
| US astronaut; first man on the moon; said, "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" |
Neil Armstrong |
| developed a vaccine for polio |
Dr. Jonas Salk |
| first woman in space |
Sally Ride |
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