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Acid Fast
MedMicro 2006 UTHSCmed
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shape | Bacillus |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aeorbicity | Obligate Aerobe |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bram Stain | Weak Gram + |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Adic Fastness | Acid fast = mycolic acid |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Factors | Wax-D |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathophysiology | Broplet nuclei (drive-by coughing) into lung (needs O2) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reservoir | Humans |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diseases | Tuberculosis: active (fever, night sweats, cough, caseation necrosis); inactive (granuloma) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specimen | Multiple sputums, BAL, granuloma biopsy |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lab diagnosis | Lowenstein-Jensen, culture 4-8, acid fast stain, chest X-Ray!, PPD!, PCR |
| Mycobacterium tuverculosis Treatment | 9 months isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis; active TB=2 months INH + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol, then 6-9 months INH + rigampin |
| Mycobacterium tuverculosis Prevention/Control | HIV screening, daily observed therapy for treatment, prophylaxis |
| Mycobacterium tuverculosis NOTES: | Predisposing factors: HIV, old age, malnutrition, immunocompromised. PPD: 5+ mm if HIV+ or x-ray+ / 10mm+ if high risk / 15mm+ everyone else |
| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Gram stain | Weak Gram + |
| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Acid fastness | Acid fast |
| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria diseases | Pulmonary disease; disseminated (M. avium intracellulare) |
| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Lab Diagnosis | Culture |
| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Treatment | Same as TB, add clarithromycin and acithromycin; resistance is common |
| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Prevention/control | HIV screening, prophylaxis in AIDS patients |
| M leprae Gram Stain | Weak Gram+ |
| M leprae Acid Fastness | Acid fast |
| M leprae Temperature | Less than 37 C |
| M leprae Pathophysiology | Infects cooler tissues & Peripheral nerves |
| M leprae reservoir | Armadillo |
| M leprae specimen | Skiin scraping, nerve involvement |
| M leprae Lab Diagnosis | Cannot culture on synthetic media |
| M leprae Treatment | Treated by experts: dapsone, rigampin, clofazimine, minocycline |
| M leprae Prevention/control | Prompt recognition and treatment of infectied patients |
| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Shape | Bacillus |
| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Aerobicity | Anaerobic or microaeropnilic |
| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Gram Stain | Not acid fast |
| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Pahophysiology | Normal mouth and gut flora, sulfa granules |
| Actinomyces israelli & bovis diseases | Lumpy Jaw |
| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Lab Diagnosis | Enriched media with CO2 |
| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Treatment | Drain the abscess, penicillin or tetracycline |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Shape | Filamentous bacilli |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Aerobicity | Aerobic |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Gram Stain | Gram + |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Acid Fastness | Weakly acid fast |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Pathophysiology | Inhalaion or wound infection |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Reservoir | Soil |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Diseases | Pulmonary (most common), disseminated nocardiosis, wound infection |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Lab Diagnosis | Simple media |
| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Treatment | Sulfonamides, TMP-SXT; NO penicillins! |
| Lab Diagnosis of TB | Acid Fast smears of the sputum (as many sputums as you can get) |