| Question |
Answer |
| Enterobacteriaceae gram |
Gram-negative rods |
| Enterobacteriaceae oxidase and catalase |
Oxidase-negative, Catalase-positive |
| Facultative anaerobes |
Enterobacteriaceae |
| Ferment glucose, reduce nitrate to nitrite |
Enterobacteriaceae |
| Most are motile by peritrichous flagella |
Enterobacteriaceae |
| Enteric bacteria which tolerate bile salts in MacConkey agar |
Enterobacteriaceae |
| Variety of clinical infections |
Enterobacteriaceae |
| E. coli Salmonella Yersenia |
Major enteric and systemic pathogens |
| Proteus Enterobacter Klebsiella othe |
Opportunistic pathogens |
| Found in the intestinal tract of animals and humans |
Enterobacteriaceae |
| Contaminate vegetation, soil and water |
Enterobacteriaceae |
| Major pathogens |
E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Yersinia sp |
| are involved in localized infections in diverse anatomical locations |
Opportunistic pathogens |
| Gram-negative, short rods |
E. coli |
| Most strains are motile by peritrichous flagella |
E. coli |
| Often fimbriate |
E. coli |
| A capsule is often present --- mucoid |
E. coli |
| Grows well on a variety of media at 37 oC |
E. coli |
| Characteristic growth on EMB (metallic sheen |
E. coli |
|
E. coli |
| on-spore-forming |
E. coli |
| Ferments lactose (pink colonies in MacConkey agar |
E. coli |
| E. coli are serotyped on the basis of |
lipopolysaccharide |
| lipopolysaccharide |
“O” (Somatic), “H” (Flagellar) and “K” (Capsular |
| possesses non-flagellar appendages called pilli. |
E. coli |
| pilli. Important types |
K88 or F4, K99 or F5, and 987P or F6 |
| are almost always associated with isolates from swine |
K88 and 987P |
| associated with isolates from cattle, sheep, swine |
K99 |
| Occurs due to the colonization of the intestinal tract from environmental sources, shortly after birth |
Colibacillosis in mammals |
| Colibacillosis as a primary infection |
by shell penetration, inhalation in the hatchery & occurs during the first few days of age |
| Colibacillosis as a secondary infection |
complicating agent during the growing period |
| Occurs due to the colonization of the intestinal tract from environmental sources, shortly after birth |
Colibacillosis in mammals |
| the mechanism of pathogenesis |
Based on (1) Tissue localization of E.coli and (2) Biological activity of E.coli toxin |
| Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) strain that causes |
Enteric colibacillosis and Enterotoxemic colibacillosis |
| strain that cause Local invasive colibacillosis |
Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) |
| strain that cause Septicemic colibacillosis |
Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) |
| strain that cause Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in children |
Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) |
| Causes diarrhea in animals 2 weeks to 1 month of age |
Enteric colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce Enterotoxins (Exotoxins): 1. Heat-labile (LT) type (Immunogenic) and 2. Heat-stable (ST) type (Non-immunogenic) |
Enteric colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce Pilus antigens (K antigens), important for adherence & colonization |
Enteric colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Causes Neonatal diarrhea in animals less than 1 week of age |
Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce Enterotoxins (Exotoxins): 1. Heat-labile (LT) type (Immunogenic) and 2. Heat-stable (ST) type (Non-immunogenic |
Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce pilus antigens (K antigens |
Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| K antigens involved in Neonatal diarrhea: K88 (piglets) and K99 (calves |
Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| There is absorption of toxins |
Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Causes Local invasive colibacillosis |
Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Local invasion and destruction of intestinal epithelium by E.coli ( invade beyond epithelium to the lamina propria |
Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Not enterotoxigenic (do not produce enterotoxins) and do not become bacteremic or septicemic (do not produce endotoxin) |
Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Diarrhea is associated with colonization, attachment and destruction of microvilli |
Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Mechanism of invasion not known |
Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Associated with bacteremia or septicemia |
Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Endotoxin-mediated |
Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| May or may not have diarrhea or intestinal lesions |
Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Enters thru respiratory or intestinal tract |
Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Multiply in blood or tissue |
Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Fibrinopurulent systemic lesions in different organs such as pericardium, liver and heart |
Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| are present in E. coli similar to many other Gram- negative bacteria |
Endotoxins |
| They are part of the outer layer of the cell wall. Embedded in the outer membrane of the cell |
Endotoxins |
| It is a complex phospholipids-polysaccharide-protein macromolecule |
Endotoxins |
| Endotoxins are released in soluble form during bacterial growth and liberated when bacteria lyse |
Endotoxins |
| They are less toxic than exotoxins |
Endotoxins |
| Pyrogenic |
Endotoxins |
| Causes leucopenia, hypotension |
Endotoxins |
| Complement activation |
Endotoxins |
| Intravascular coagulation |
Endotoxins |
| Death |
Endotoxins |
| also produce EXOTOXINS |
Certain strains of E. coli (ETEC |
| Certain strains of E. coli (ETEC) also produce EXOTOXINS Two types |
Heat-labile and Heat-stable exotoxin |
| Large immunogenic portion |
Heat labile type |
| Non-immunogenic |
Heat stable type |
| These exotoxins are produced in the intestines |
ENTEROTOXINS |
| They attach to different receptors on the intestinal epithelium |
ENTEROTOXINS |
| ENTEROTOXINS activate adenylate cyclase which results in increased |
cAMP |
| The increased cAMP causes |
hyper secretion of water and chlorides into the gut lumen resulting in fluid loss |
| Very soon after birth a neonate ingests |
E. coli |
| may inhibit the sudden and abnormal rate of multiplication of these organisms in the intestines |
Colostrum |
| should receive 50 ml to 80 ml (or 5% body weight) colostrum/kg body weight within the first 12 hours of birth. Repeat 18 to 20 hours |
Calves |
| can be frozen for several months, with almost no deterioration |
Colostrum |
| Thaw in lukewarm water before you use |
frozen Colostrum |
| Occurs in calves under 2 weeks but has been seen in calves up to a month old |
Enteric colibacillosis (ETEC): E.coli with K99 pili |
| Typically occurs in calves 4 to 5 days old |
Septicemic colibacillosis or colisepticemia (EIEC |
| Excess fluid in the intestineDiarrhea for several daysMucus present |
Enteric colibacillosis (ETEC): E.coli with K99 pili |
| Septicemic colibacillosis or colisepticemia (EIEC |
E. coli infections in Cattle |
| there is no scouring. In most acute cases there may be no temperature as the septicemia is overwhelming |
In acute colisepticemia |
| is associated with cases of acute mastitis bovine |
E. coli |
| Usually associated with poor sanitation |
Bovine Mastitis |
| One or more quarters of the udder become swollen and painful |
Bovine Mastitis |
| High temperature, 103 to 108 oF |
Bovine Mastitis |
| Milk production falls rapidly and may cease |
Bovine Mastitis |
| Vaccines usually contains E.coli, Streptococcus sp. & Staphylococcus sp |
Bovine Mastitis |
| Pigs are susceptible to disease during the first 14 weeks or so after birth |
E. coli |
| E. coli infection in Pigs Various names have been given to these conditions according to the |
age, symptoms and lesions |
| 1 to 12 days of age |
Neonatal colibacillosis/Piglet scours |
| Diarrhea, dehydration with high mortality - 70% |
Neonatal colibacillosis/Piglet scours |
| Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis |
E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| Occurs at about 1 week after weaning |
Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| An acute, highly fatal neurological disorder |
Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| The disease is dependent upon colonization of small intestine by E. coli that produces a toxin |
Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| staggering gait, muscular tremors & spasms, edema of eyelids, subcutaneous sub-serosal edema |
Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| All edema producing E. coli produce hemolysin and have K88 pili antigens |
Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| Toxin causes arterial degeneration and increased vascular permeability |
Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| Yolk sac of embryos is the center of infection |
E.coli infection in Poultry |
| Occurs in all types and age groups of poultry |
E. coli infection |
| Associated with dusty litter |
Airsacculitis |
| Navel infection |
Omphalitis |
| A variety of syndromes from which E. coli has been isolated |
Enteritis Coligranuloma Synovitis and arthritis |
| A new disease of racing greyhounds ” caused by O157:H7 strain |
Alabama Rot |
| Lactose fermenter, non hemolytic |
Enterobacter |
| Found widely in nature |
Enterobacter |
| is the species of veterinary importance |
Enterobacter aerogenes |
| They are opportunistic pathogens |
Enterobacter |
| can be associated with mastitis in cows and sows |
Enterobacter aerogenes |
| Lactose fermenter, non hemolytic |
Klebsiella |
| Opportunistic pathogenHas a large polysaccharide capsule |
Klebsiella |
| Associated with mastitis in cattle, cervicitis and endometritis in mares |
Klebsiella |
| pneumonia in calves and foals and urinary tract infections in dogs |
Klebsiella |
| Lactose non-fermenter |
Proteus |
| Motile, characteristic swarming on blood agar and non- hemolytic |
Proteus |
| Hydrolyze urea. Deaminate phenylalanine and produce H2S |
Proteus |
| Otitis externa in dogs |
Proteus |
| are the species of veterinary importance. |
Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris |
| in dogs and horses Urinary tract infections are frequently caused by |
Proteus |
| Gram negative rods, oxidase negative |
Klebsiella |
| Blood agar: Large, wet mucoid, whitish-grey |
Klebsiella |
| MacConkey agar: Pink, slimy coalescing, not surrounded by red haze (D/D: E.coli |
Klebsiella |
| Metritis and cervicitis in mares |
K. pneumoniae |
| Pneumonia and suppurative lesions in calves and foals; Mastitis in cows on wood shavings and sawdust; Urinary tract infections in dogs |
Klebsiella |
| Treatment: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfonamide |
Klebsiella |
| Susceptibility test recommended |
Klebsiella |
| Gram negative coccobacilli, non-hemolytic, slow growth in MacConkey |
Yersenia |
| are important human and animal pathogens |
Y. enterocolitica, Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis |
| causes enteric red-mouth of fish & infection usually results in hemorrhagic septicemia |
Y. ruckeri |
| causative agent of human plague. (Cats are infected most frequently than other domestic animals --- source of infection to humans |
Y. pestis |
| human enteric pathogen |
Y. enterocolitica |
| enteric (wild & domestic animals & septicemic (cage birds & laboratory rodents |
Y. pseudotuberculosis |
Alva Jackson
on 2009-10-22
Poultry
