| Question |
Answer |
| (1) a discriminative stimulus that precedes the response and signals a consequence is available, (2) a response that produces a certain consequence, (3) the consequence that increases or decreases the probability of that response |
Components of an operant conditioning process. (3) |
| an antecedent event, a behavior, a consequence; notice something, do something, get something |
three-term contingency (ABC) (2) |
| avoidance behavior |
Behavior that occurs before the aversive stimulus is presented and therefore prevents its delivery. |
| contrived reinforcer |
A reinforcer deliberately arranged to modify a behavior, not a typical consequence of the behavior in that setting. |
| discriminative stimulus (SD) |
A stimulus in the presence of which responses are reinforced and in the absence of which they are not reinforced. |
| discriminative stimulus for extinction (S∆) |
Label for a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement. |
| discriminative stimulus for punishment |
Label for a stimulus that signals that a response will be punished. |
| escape behavior |
A behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus. |
| extrinsic reinforcement |
The reinforcement provided by a consequence that is external to the behavior. |
| generalized (or generalized secondary) reinforcer |
A type of secondary reinforcer that has been associated with several other reinforcers. |
| intrinsic reinforcement |
Reinforcement provided by the mere act of performing the behavior; its performance is inherently reinforcing. |
| law of effect (Thorndike) |
The proposition that behaviors that lead to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened, "stamped in," while behaviors that lead to an unsatisfying or annoying state of affairs are weakened, "stamped out." |
| natural reinforcer |
A reinforcer that is a typical consequence of the behavior within that setting. |
| negative punishment |
The removal of a stimulus (usually pleasant or rewarding) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response. |
| negative reinforcement |
The removal of a stimulus (usually unpleasant or aversive) following a response, which then leads to an increase in the future strength of that response. |
| operant behavior |
A class of emitted responses that result in certain consequences and, in turn, affect the future probability or strength of those responses. |
| operant conditioning |
A type of learning in which the future probability of a behavior is affected by its consequences. |
| positive punishment |
The presentation of a stimulus (usually unpleasant or aversive) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response. |
| positive reinforcement |
The presentation of a stimulus (usually pleasant or rewarding) following a response, which then leads to an increase in the future strength of that response. |
| primary reinforcer (unconditioned reinforcer) |
An event that is innately reinforcing. (2) |
| punisher |
An event that (1) follows a behavior and (2) decreases the future probability of that behavior. |
| reinforcer |
An event that (1) follows a behavior and (2) increases the future probability of that behavior. |
| secondary reinforcer (conditioned reinforcer) |
An event that is reinforcing because it has been associated with some other reinforcer. (2) |
| shaping |
The gradual creation of new operant behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations to that behavior. |
| the reward is (1) expected, (2) tangible, (3) given for simply performing the activity |
Conditions when rewards undermine intrinsic motivation. (3) |
| three-term contingency |
The relationship between a discriminative stimulus, an operant behavior, and a reinforcer or punisher. |
Science Vocab 147928
