| Question |
Answer |
| What is another name for the sensory system? |
Afferent |
| What is the sensory system? |
Means by which the nervous system receives information about the environment and movement |
| What is exteroception? |
external environment |
| What is interoception? |
internal environment |
| What is proprioception? |
position and movement |
| What is a conscious perception of sensory stimuli? |
sensation |
| What does the ending -ception mean? |
perceiving |
| What is a somatosensation? |
General senses such as pain, touch, temperature, and proprioception on body surfaces and musculoskeletal elements |
| What is the special sense organ for taste? |
gustation |
| What is the special sense organ for smell? |
olfaction |
| What is the special sense organ for sight? |
vision |
| What is the special sense organ for hearing? |
audition |
| What is the special sense organ for equilibrium? |
vestibular sensation |
| What does soma- mean? |
body of the cell |
| Name three animal-specific sense organs. |
Geomagnetism, detection of electric fields, and modified audition |
| What is geomagnetism? |
migratory bird and insects |
| Which species of animals use detection of electric fields? |
fish |
| Cetaceans and bats use what to navigate? |
modified audition and sonar |
| What do some animals ride in the ocean? |
East Australian Current |
| What are sensory receptors? |
specialized cells/nerve endings that detect internal or external environment |
| What is transduction? |
mechanism by which the nervous system changes environmental energy to electrical activity of neurons (changed into action potential) |
| What are the five types of sensory recpetors? |
Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors, and chemoreceptors |
| What are mechanoreceptors? |
stretch, proprioception (skeletal muscles) |
| What are thermoreceptors? |
hot, cold, infrared |
| What are nociceptors? |
dull vs. sharp pain |
| What are photorecptors? |
light (rods and cones) |
| What are chemoreceptors? |
taste, smell, CO2, pH |
| What are unencapsulate receptors? |
sensory dendrites that lack a connective tissue wrapping |
| What is an exmaple of unencapsulated receptors? |
free nerve endings and hair receptors |
| What are encapsulated receptors? |
dendrites with a glial cell wrap or connective tissue covering |
| What is an example of encapsulated receptors? |
Meissners corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles in skin |
| What are blood cells called? |
corpuscles |
| What is perception created through input of a variety of specialized receptors? |
proprioception |
| Where are taste cells found? |
on tongue and throat |
| Where are taste buds found? |
papillae |
| What are the five tastes? |
Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami (MSG) |
| What cranial nerves are associated with taste receptors? |
VII, IX, and X |
| What type is the olfactory epithelium? |
pseudostratified |
| How does the smell make it to the brain? |
nerve dendrites have cilia that bind the odors to them, then the odor is relayed to the nerve axon which synapses dendritesof the olfactory buld to the brain |
| What are the three parts of the ear? |
external, middle, internal |
| What are the two functions of the ear? |
hearing and balance |
| What is in charge of hearing? |
cochlea |
| What maintains balance and equilibrium? |
semi-circular canals and vestibularapparatus |
| What are the parts of the external ear? |
pinna/auricle, auricular cartilage |
| What is important about the shape of the ear? |
It captures sound localization |
| What forms most of the ear canal? |
annular cartilage |
| Where does the tubular extension of pinna connect? |
external acoustic canal and tympanic membrane |
| What is the external acoustic canal made of? |
modified skin with sebaceous and ceruminous glands |
| What does the prefix au- mean? |
hearing |
| What kind of space is the middle ear? |
air-filled |
| What is the tympanic cavity lined with?? |
mucous membrane in temporal lobe |
| How is the middle ear sealed off from the external ear? |
by the tympanic membrane |
| What are the three middle ear ossicles? |
malleus, incus, stapes |
| What are the shapes of malleus, incus, and stapes? |
hammer, anvil, stirrup |
| What are the two muscles in the middle ear? |
tensor tympani and stapedius |
| What causes you to not be able to hear after a loud rock concert? |
The two muscles of the inner ear |
| Where is the internal ear located? |
within the temporal lobe as a multichambered membranous sac |
| What is the purpose of the internal ear? |
detects sound and acceleration of head |
| How many parts are in the internal ear, what are their names and shape? |
Three: utriculus and sacculus (2 large pieces), semicircular ducts (3 loops), and cochlear duct (spiral) |
| What are the three parts of the cochlea? |
scala vestibuli, cochlear duct, and scala tympani |
| How do the sound waves travel at the beginning of the ear? |
down pinna to tympanic membrane |
| What transfers vibrations to vestibular window? |
ossicles |
| The Organ of Corti is also called what? |
hair cells |
| What part of the eye allows light to pass easily? |
cornea |
| What parts is the cornea missing to allow light? |
vascular elements and pigment |
| What is required so light cannot reflect in the eye? |
dehydration |
| What types of animals have larger corneas to increase light transmission? |
nocturnal |
| How much of their cornea do dogs and cats use? |
dogs 17% and cats 30% |
| What is the purpose of the lens? |
focuses light onto the retina |
| What is is called when the muscles in ciliary body change the shape of the lens? |
accomodation |
| Which would have a larger lens? Distant light or close light? |
close |
| What is the purpose of the iris? |
controls how much light gets into the eye by regulating pupil size |
| What animals have a horizontal iris? |
domestic herbivores and pigs |
| What animals have a vertical and elliptical iris? |
cat |
| What is the shape of a dog's iris? |
circular |
| What are the two sets of smooth muscles in the iris and their shape? |
Circular-parasympathetic and radial-sympathetic |
| What are the masses of color in the iris called? |
corpora nigra |
| Where is the aqueous humor formed? |
posterior chamber behind iris |
| What is the function of the aqueous humor? |
provides nutrition to cornea and lens, remove waste products, and maintains pressure |
| Where is the vitreous humor? |
behind lens |
| What is the condition when the humors need to be drained if they are blocked? |
glaucoma (increased pressure) |
| What are the two photoreceptors in the retina? |
rods and cones |
| What colors do you see with rods? |
black and white |
| Where is the blind spot in the eye? |
at the optic disc |
| What happens to your eyes in darkness? |
increased concentration of rhodopsin and diameter of pupil |
| What is the tapetum in the eye? |
A reflective layer of inner choroid that allows light to reflect |
| What is the difference between monocular vision and binocular vision? |
monocular is with one eye whereas binocular is with two eyes |
Science Vocab 147928
