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Nervous/Endocrine

Stack #27775

QuestionAnswer
Nervous and Endocrine Systems systems for transmitting messages and correlating body functions
nervous system sensory input - interpretation - motor output
neurons reactive cells, transmit electrical impulses from the brain throughout the body
dendrites fine processes - conduct impulses towards neuron cell body
axon conducts impulses away from neuron cell body
myelin sheath insulates and protects the axon
homeostatis keeping internal body enviroment constant
two main sections of nervous system central (CNS), peripheral (PNS)
neurotransmitters and receptors send and receive messages (impulses)
sympathetic nerves emerge from thoracic and lumbar area of spinal cord, fibres to heart smooth muscle, sweat glands, controls fight or flight reaction
thyroid produces thyroxin-increases basal metabolic rate and encourages growth and development, calcitonin-stimulates osteblasts
parathyroid produces parathormone-maintains plasma calcium levels by inducing osteoclastic activity
ovaries produce oestrogen and proesterone (female sexual development and reproduction
testes secrete testosterone (male sexual development and fertility)
pancreas regulates blood glucose levels with insulin and glucogon
adrenal glands produce adrenaline (mobilises fat from adipose tissue), stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose in muscles and assists sympathetic nervous system
hypoglycemia low blood glucose - stimulates glucogen which stimulates breakdown of glycogen stored in liver and production of glucose from lactic acid and some amino acids
hyperglycemia high blood sugar - insulin released to speed up conversion of blood glucose to glycogen and absorption into cells, especially by skeletal muscles
IDDM Type I - insulin dependant diabetes mellitus-insulin deficiency requiring injections to prevent death
NIDDM Type II - non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus - more commnon, elevated blood glucose levels that can be controlled through diet and exercise
Created by: sidneybetty
 

 



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