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Nervous/Endocrine
Stack #27775
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous and Endocrine Systems | systems for transmitting messages and correlating body functions |
| nervous system | sensory input - interpretation - motor output |
| neurons | reactive cells, transmit electrical impulses from the brain throughout the body |
| dendrites | fine processes - conduct impulses towards neuron cell body |
| axon | conducts impulses away from neuron cell body |
| myelin sheath | insulates and protects the axon |
| homeostatis | keeping internal body enviroment constant |
| two main sections of nervous system | central (CNS), peripheral (PNS) |
| neurotransmitters and receptors | send and receive messages (impulses) |
| sympathetic nerves | emerge from thoracic and lumbar area of spinal cord, fibres to heart smooth muscle, sweat glands, controls fight or flight reaction |
| thyroid | produces thyroxin-increases basal metabolic rate and encourages growth and development, calcitonin-stimulates osteblasts |
| parathyroid | produces parathormone-maintains plasma calcium levels by inducing osteoclastic activity |
| ovaries | produce oestrogen and proesterone (female sexual development and reproduction |
| testes | secrete testosterone (male sexual development and fertility) |
| pancreas | regulates blood glucose levels with insulin and glucogon |
| adrenal glands | produce adrenaline (mobilises fat from adipose tissue), stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose in muscles and assists sympathetic nervous system |
| hypoglycemia | low blood glucose - stimulates glucogen which stimulates breakdown of glycogen stored in liver and production of glucose from lactic acid and some amino acids |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar - insulin released to speed up conversion of blood glucose to glycogen and absorption into cells, especially by skeletal muscles |
| IDDM | Type I - insulin dependant diabetes mellitus-insulin deficiency requiring injections to prevent death |
| NIDDM | Type II - non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus - more commnon, elevated blood glucose levels that can be controlled through diet and exercise |