| Q |
A |
| Respiratory System (consists of) |
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| trachea |
proper name for windpipe |
| bronchi |
divisions of the trachea going to left and right lung and further dividing into bronchioles |
| alveoli |
tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, thin walls one cell thick surrounded by capillaries |
| gaseous exchange |
oxygen (in) and carbon dioxide (out) passing through capillaries and alveoli |
| respiration (purpose of) |
to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide - pulmonary respiration |
| respiratory muscles |
internal intercostals, pectoralis minor, abdominals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid |
| respiratory centre |
located in brain, sends nerve impulses to control breathing rate. main factor affecting breathing rate CO2 level in blood and resiratory centre |
| breathing control |
mainly involuntary, but can be conciously controlled during activities when required (eg swimming) |
| tidal volume |
500ml - volume of air breathed in/out |
| dead space |
150ml air reamining in nose throat and trachea |
| minute ventilation |
6000-7500ml volume of air inspired/expired in 1 minute (tidal volume x breaths taken) |
| inspiratory reserve volume |
3300ml additonal amount of air breathed in through forced inspiration |
| inspiratory capacity |
3800ml tidal volume+inspiratory reserve |
| expiratory reserve volume |
1200ml additional amount of air that can be forcibly expired |
| residual volume |
1200ml volume remaining after maximum expiration |
| expiratory capacity |
1700 ml tidal volume plus expiratory reserve |
| functional residual volume |
2400ml air in lungs at resting expiratory level. expiratory reserve plus residual volume |
| vital capacity |
4800ml maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after maximum inspiration |
| total lung capacity |
6000ml vital capacity + residual volume |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
