Organic Definitions
| Description: | *Chemistry Definitions* As Level |
| Category: | Chemistry |
| Created by: | mix on 2005-05-02 |
| Term | Definition |
| Homologous Series | A series of compounds with the same functional group, the same general formula, and where one member differs from the next by CH2 |
| Empirical Formula | Shows the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms present in one molecule |
| Molecular Formula | Shows the actual number of atoms present in one moleculae |
| Structural Formula | Shows each atom in the molecule seperately and how it is bonded. A more condenced way is to show the groupings around each carbon atom. |
| Isomers | Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula. |
| Homolytic Fission | When a bond breaks and one electron goes to each atom |
| Heterolytic Fission | When a bond breaks and both electrons go to the same atom. |
| Substitution | A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms are replaced by another atom or groups of atoms. |
| Addition | A reaction in which two molecules react together to form a single product. |
| Elimination | A reaction in which elements of a simple molecule such as HBr are removed without being replaced by an atom or groups of atoms |
| Hydrolysis | A reaction in which water splits an orgainc into two components. |
| Free Radical | A species with a single unpaired electron |
| Nucleophile | A species which seeks out positive centres, and must have a lone pair of electrons ehich it donates to form a new dative covalent bond. |
| Electrophile | A species which seeks out negative centres, and accepts a lone pair of electrons to form a new dative covalent bond. |
| Number of moles in relation to concentration | Moles = Concentration / Volume (dm3) |
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kinetic energy - explanation of properties and behavior of gases gases - matter having no definite volume or shape volume - space occupied by matter pressure - force of gas on the wall of a container Kelvin temperature - Celcius temperature plus 273 Ideal gas - gas that obeys exactly all the gas laws Boyle's law - volume of a gas decreases as pressure increases if temperature remains constant Charles's law - volume of a gas increases as temperature increases if pressure remains constant STP - standard temperature and pressure (1atm and 273K) A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms are REPLACED by another atom or group of atoms. |
