| Question |
Answer |
| When vocal folds are separated |
abduction |
| when vocal folds are brought together |
adduction |
| opening to the larynx formed by epiglottis in front, ends at arytenoids in back, aryepiglottic folds on side |
aditus laryngis |
| angle formed by union of laminae |
angle of the thyroid |
| narrow band in the front (part of cricoid cartilage) |
anterior arch |
| anterior attachment of the vocal folds-diverge as they course toward posterior commissure |
anterior commisure |
| type of cuneiform cartilage, forms entrance to larynx, extend from sides of epiglottis to apexes of arytenoids |
aryepiglottic fold |
| dramatic increase in airflow across a gradient. "If volume fluid flow is constant, velocity of flow must increase at an area of constriction, but with a corresponding decrease of pressure at the constriction |
Bernoulli Effect |
| holds cricothyroid joint in place (posterior, lateral, anterior) |
ceratocricoid ligament |
| lower portion of the internal (elastic) laryngeal membrane-well defined |
conus elasticus |
| "horns" that project off of the hyoid bone |
cornua |
| posterior: restricts extent of forward movement of arytenoid cartilage, imposes constraints on extent of any gliding movements. Anterior. Often absent, poorly developed. May limit backward movement of arytenoid. |
cricoarytenoid ligament |
| attaches inferior border of cricoid cartilage to first tracheal ring-holding cricoid in place. thicker than others. |
Cricotracheal membrane |
| recording the electrical energy generated by active muscles |
electromyography |
| those that have one attachment to structures outside the larynx. Responsible for suppport of the larynx. |
extrinsic laryngeal muscles |
| a voice register above the middle or head register. (highest pitch) |
falsetto |
| extends from hyoid bone to thyroid notch, separates epiglottis from hyoid bone & thyroid cartilage |
fat pad |
| the depression at the base of the arytenoid cartilages-on the anterolateral surface |
fovea oblonga |
| average rate of vocal fold vibration-determines pitch |
fundamental frequency |
| 2 folds; with median on anterior surface of epiglottis-connects to tongue |
glossoepiglottic ligament |
| abrupt release of the adductor mechanism that initiates sudden vocal fold vibration |
glottal attack |
| creaky voice produced by phonating at lowest possible pitch |
glottal fry |
| normal pitch |
habitual pitch |
| the partials of a complex sound which are integral multiples of fundamental frequency |
harmonic |
| attaches to epiglottis (where leaflike portion is broadest) to hyoid bone (elastic ligament) |
hyoepiglottic ligament |
| starts on posterior surface of thyroid horns and hyoid bone-membrane is thickened |
hyothyroid ligament |
| have both attachments confined to larynx. control sound production |
intrinsic laryngeal muscles |
| thin plate or layer |
lamina |
| layer of the thyroarytenoid, superficial, intermediate, deep |
lamina propria |
| sectional radiography that shows layers of the body |
laminagraphy |
| degree of stretching force |
longitudinal tension |
| the vocal ligaments common point of attachment on the thyroid cartilage. aka anterior commissure, laryngeal saccule |
macula flava anterior |
| extent of force with which the vocal folds are brought together at the midline |
medial compression |
| located on posterolateral angle of arytenoid cartilage-bulge at the base-muscles will attach here. Responsible for abduction and adduction of vocal folds. |
muscular process |
| current physiology theory of phonology. Changes of elasticity in muscle & aerodynamic principles cause phonation. |
Myoelastic Aerodynamic |
| old theory of phonation: vocal fold vibration occurs according to timing of neural impulses-causes abduction and adduction |
neurochronaxic |
| successive doubling of frequency |
octave |
| aka natural pitch level. suitable pitch level for an individual-determined by physical characteristics of voice mechanism |
optimal pitch |
| medial-most component of the cricothyroid muscle |
pars recta |
| arises from the cricoid cartilage lateral to the pars recta |
pars oblique |
| device for indicating velocity or quantity of airflow |
pneumotachygraph |
| the vocal fold attachment on the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage |
posterior commisure |
| back part of cricoid cartilage-hexagonal plate (signet ring). Occupies space between posterior margin of thyroid cartilage |
posterior quadrate lamina |
| pyriform sinus |
deep depression, lateral to the aditus laryngis |
| upper part of the inrinsic laryngeal membrane |
quadrangular membrane |
| space between the true vocal folds (aka "glottis") |
rima glottis |
| subglottic space |
space below the vocal folds |
| the region above the glottis; includes: vestibule & ventricle |
supraglottal space |
| attaches epiglottis to thyroid cartilage at the angle just beneath the thyroid notch |
thyroepiglottic ligament |
| where the incomplete fusion of the thyroid laminae occurs-results in V-shaped notch |
Thyroid Notch |
| Adam's apple. Right below thyroid notch. |
Thyroid Prominence |
| to illuminate the interior or lumen of a structure by passing light through tissue |
transillumination |
| exaggerated vibrato |
tremolo |
| the triangular depression of the arytenoid cartilages-on anterolateral surface near apex. |
triangular fovea |
| small valleys (pits)-seen between epiglottis and root of tongue, on either side of median |
valleculae |
| small supraglottal region located between ventricular folds and vocal folds |
ventricle |
| aka false vocal folds. soft & flacid appearance-can't become tense. |
ventricular folds |
| small and rapid pitch intensity changes during singing |
vibrato |
| on vocal folds & continuous with conus elasticus |
vocal ligament |
| the anterior angle, near the base of arytenoid cartilage, prolonged pointed projection. Vocal ligament inserts on this process. |
Vocal process. |
Biology Lab Midterm
