| Question |
Answer |
| two components of whole blood |
plasma and formed elements |
| 3 types of formed elements in whole blood |
red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets |
| red blood cells |
carry oxygen & get rid of carbon dioxide |
| white blood cells |
fight infection |
| platelets |
are responsible for clotting |
| hemotocrit |
the percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells - diseases of the blood can be detected by measuring the red blood cell count |
| normal hemotocrit |
males - 40-54% while females have 38-47% |
| normal red blood count |
males: normal RBC 4.6-6.2 million RBC/cubic mm; for females, normal RBC is 4.2-5.4 million/cubic mm |
| platelets normal count |
250,000-400,000 platelets per microliter of blood |
| WBC - white blood count |
5,000-10,000 white blood cells /microliter of blood |
| Differential white blood count |
what is percentage of each of the five kinds of white blood cells? |
| normal percentages WBC |
neutrophils - 60-70%; lymphocytes, 20-30%; monocytes, 2-8%; eosinophils, 1-4%; and basophils, .5-1% |
| what does WBC mean? |
elevated neutrophil means bacterial infection; allergic reactions mean that eosniophil and basophil counts are elevated |
| granular leukocytes (3 types) |
basophils, easinophils, neutrophils |
| 2 types of agranular leukocytes |
lymphocytes and monocytes |
| neutrophil |
WBC 2-4 lobes; purple color; phagocytized microorganisms |
| basophil |
stains blue-purple-looks as if it has no nucleus because the granules are so close together; releases histmine; promotes inflammation - basophils "fill" the body - also heparin; which prevents clot formation |
| eosinophil |
nucleus often bilobed, looks like neutrophil but its orange-red or bright red - the color - think "eo" orange or red - eleveated in parasitic infections |
| monocyte no granules (agranulocyte |
largest of blood cells - kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped nucleus - phagocytic cell |
| lymphocyte - no granules (agranulocyte) |
nucleus very round - takes ups entire cell - tumor control, |
| platelet |
cell fragment surrounded by plasma membrane - contains granules |
| antigen |
any substance that, when it comes in contact with other cells, induces a state of sensitivy or immune response Gr. "anti" -gen "producing" |
| antigenic |
having the properties of an antigen (allergen) - immunogenic |
| antibody (Ab) |
an immunoglobulin molecule with a aspecific amino acid sequence evoked in humans or other animals by an antigen and characterized by reacting specifically with the antigen in some demonstrable way, |
| antigen |
protein that can interact with an antibody |
| antibody |
looks like a letter "y" - specific to antigen |
| agglutination |
clumping - when antibodies in plasma bind to the antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells, they form molecular bridges taht connect red blood cells |
| hemolysis |
rupture of red blood cells; can be a reaction to blood transfusion |
| antigen - also called agglutinogens |
function and location - protein that can interact with an antibody - found on red blood cells |
| antibodies or agglutinins |
location and function - antibody that causes clumping or agglutination of the bacteria or other cells (red blood cells) - in plasma l. ad "to" gluten "clump" |
| Rh- and Rh+ blood types |
Rh+ means that person has certain antigens (the D antigens) on their RBC's red blood cells - about 85% of Caucasians & 88% African-Americans have this - a person with Rh- does NOT have these antigens |
| Antigen/antibody reaction |
when antibodies in plasma bind to antigens on red blood surface, they form molecular bridges that connect the red blood cells - this is called clumping or agglutination - can clotting within blood vessels, cause kidney damage, and even death. REactions c |
Science Vocab 147928
