| Question |
Answer |
| % of pre-European invasion wetlands have been lost. |
50 |
| Types of Wetlands |
Coastal & Inland
|
| COASTAL.- Tidal salt marshes in the US (x 10^6 ha) |
1.9 – mostly East Coast, Gulf Mexico |
| Tidal freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha) |
0.8 – big rivers East Coast, Gulf Mexico |
| Mangrove wetlands (x 10^6 ha) |
0.5 – Florida, Texas, Louisiana |
| INLAND. - Freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha) |
27 – over half of U.S. in Alaska |
| Peatlands(x 10^6 ha) |
55 – mainly in Alaska |
| •Freshwater swamps(x 10^6 ha)
•Riparian systems
|
25 – in Southern U.S. |
| Total in Coastal & Inland over the US (x 10^6 ha) |
110 |
| % of U.S. Wetlands were lost from 1780’s – 1980’s |
53 (almost the magic number in Env.) |
| Swamps and forested riparian wetlands decrease while... |
marshes, shrub wetlands and non-vegetative wetlands have and increase. |
| Upland soils. |
70 % soil, 15 % air, 15 % water
Plants have access to all three
|
| Wetland soils. Soils particles are submerged or saturated with water |
70 % soil, 30 % water |
| Air spaces in roots and stems that diffuse oxygen to the plants roots (make up 50-60% of cross sectional root volume) |
Aerenchyma |
| Air roots that protrude out of the ground and exposed during low tide (have lenticels).
Found in Avicennia – black mangrove
|
Pneumatophores |
| Grow above the tidal level and have lenticels (holes for air entry). |
Prop roots |
| Adaptations in most plants develop from the stem or trunk above the saturation zone |
Adventitious roots |
| 1/5 world's freshwater |
Amazon River |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
