Patho Quiz Study

Description:	Compilation of Patho Quizzes
Category:	Physiology
Created by:	jonyeh on 2008-06-24

Question	Answers
The body's adaptation to restore or maintain normal function is called	Homeostasis
The best example of a cytoplasmic architecture found in a cells hyaloplasm is	Microfilaments
The definition of epidemiology is	The study of the cause and distribution of disease
The necrosis type associated with the pancrease is	Fat
The necrosis type associated wtih the kidney , liver & heart is	coagulative
Poor circulation that results in mummified appearing toes is called	dry gangrene
Nuclear manifestations of irreversible cell injury include	karyolysis and pyknosis
Mitochondrial swelling	reversible cell injury
Torch syndrome	Toxoplasma Other agents Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpesvirus
Diseases of a receptors	Myasthenia gravis
Hormone related cell number increase	Hyperplasia
Cell shrinkage that can be from old age or ischemia is best called	Atrophy
Vasculoar degeneration, acidic pH and decreased protein synthesis are sings of	Reversible cell injury
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause	Pernicious anemia
Environmental agents that permanently harm a developing fetus are called	teratogens
A male phenotype with all stature, atrophic testes, effeminate with possible gynecomastia best describes	Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
American President Abe Lincoln has been felt by some researchers to have been likely to have this autosomal dominant disease affecting collagen that results in increased risk of dissecting aortic aneurysms and ocular lens subluxation. what is this conditi	Marfan's disease
Which autosomal recssive condition is associated with increased risk of liver disease (cirrhosis) and emphysema	alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT)
Typical of Turner Syndrome (XO)	Lack of ovary develometn (infertile); Increased risk of coarctation of the aorta
Which of the following conditions is considered multifactorial in etiology?	Diabetes mellitus
which word below best describes the process of maintaining internal steady state or balance wtihin a cell or living system?	Homeostasis
Patient type with greater amount of adipose tissue than normal	elderly; women; infants
The correct example below that is an insensible loss of fluids is	sweating
Transcellular fluids make up a very small % of extracellular fluids. Which of the following is an example of a transcellular fluid?	Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Exmaple of active hyperemia	blusing
Smallest manifestation of bleeding under the skin below is	Petechiae
Hormones or proteins involved in maintaining fluid balance include	ADH, Atrial naturetic peptide, aldosterone
melena	Tarry appearing digested blood in stool
What % of total body weight is water	60%
White infarction	arterial
Red infarction	venous (testes/gut)
Causes Caisson's disease and th ebends	Gaseous
Emboli type	White infarction - Arterial (heart/kidney) red infarction (venous - testes/gut) Causes Caisson's disease and Bends - Gaseous emboli (air in vein)
Arterial hemorrhage can be recognized from venous in that the arterial blood is	Bright red and flows in a pulsating manner
Histamine is released from mast cells when they are in a tissue or organ. What are mast cells called when they are circulating in the blood?	Basophils
Which arachidonic acid derivatives results from the lipoxygenasepathway, plus they ar eassociated with asthma and anaphylaxis?	Leukotrienes
Tuberculosis infections cause caseous granulomas. What type of granulomas are seen with Sarcoid (Sarcoidosis)	Non-Caseous granulomas
Inflammation	Elevated WBC count, body temperature, ESR
Cardinal Signa of Inflammation	Rubor, Swelling, Calor, Dolor, functio laesa
Band cells are also known as	Immature WBCs
Complement system, a key component of th ebody's inflammatory response, can be activated by a longer classical and a shorter alternative pathway. They both end up in a common mechanism - which pathway (endpoint)	Membrane Attack Complex
Immune System Body Sites	Primary - bone marrow, thymus; Secondary - Tonsils, Peyer's patches
Atrophic gastritis adn Crohn's disease are most typically associated with	B-12 deficiency
Imcrocytic hypochromic anemia with low hemosiderin stores in the bone marrow will respond favorably to treatment with	Iron
Nature Killer Cell	from Lymphoid stem cell
Arachadonic acid	precursor for cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways
Immunoglogulin found in mucosa and body secretions	IgA
Immunoglobulin makes th esecond and largest response	IgG
Immunoglobulin associated with allergy and hypersensitivity	IgE
Immunoglogulin mounting th eprimary/earliest response to invasion	IgM
What are circulating basophils called when they reside in tissues	Mast cells
Loss of Cd4 hel;er T-cells and increased opportunistic infectinos are best associated with	AIDS
treatment for severe idiopathic aplastic anemia	bone marrow transplant
who tends to have secondary polycythemia	professional mountain climber
Hematopoiesis	from flat bone and long bone
RBC life	120 days
Repairing tears in the endothelium of vessels	Platelets
Rapid RBC turnover	elevated reticuloycte count
What organism causes pseudomembrane formation in antibiotic induced colitis	C. difficile
Arterial emboli	Cerebral, kidney, spleen, intestines
Arterial emboli	white/pale infarction (heart/kidney)
Arterial emboli Red Infarction	venous-testes/gut
Thrombocytopenia	Low platelet count < 75K (Normal 150K - 300K)
Etiology	Acquired - infectino, bonemarrow suppression, hypersplenism
Drugs effect	heparin
ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura)	immune disorders
Spontaneous Bleeding	When platelet count drops below 20K
Thrombocythemia	High thrombocyte count > 600K
Thrombocythemia treatment	hydroxyuria
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)	Highest among children, 20% of all leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)	Most common leukemia, 40% of total leukemia, bone marrow transplant the only treatment
Chronic Myelogenous (CML)	15%, affecting adults and increases with advancing age, 90% with Philadelphia chromosomes
CML Mortality	Poor prognoses without Philadelphia chromosomes present
Hodgkin's lymphoma	1. nodular sclerosis; 2. lymphcyte predominence; 3. mixed cellularity; 4. lymphocyte depletion
Hemostasis	Vasospasm; Platelet activation (locally released factors); Platelet adhesion (von Willebrand's factor); Platelet aggregation; fibrin thrombus formation
Inhibition of excessive clotting	circulating anticoagulants; protein C, Protein S, antithrombin III; Thrombomodulum released by endothelial cells
Fibrinolysis	TPA: tissue plasminogen factor; Urokinase
Hypocoagulability	coumadin; heparin
Vitamin K utilization by liver	inhibited by coumadin (warfarin)
Hypercoagulability Venous	Red clots: RBC/fibrin; Stasis; Inappropriate activation of clotting factors; surgery, malignancy, CHF, obesity, Ocs, estrogens, HPT, DM, polycythemia; pregnancy
Hemophilia	congenital bleeding disorder
hemophilia A	common disorder - 2/10,000; lacking factor VIII
von Willebrand's Factor	Most common genetric bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's Factor	1% of population
von Willebrand's Factor	autosomal dominant; affect both platelets and factor VIII
Virchow's triad	slow venous flow; hypercoagulability; inflammation of vessel wall
DVT	25% clinically evident edema/swelling discrepancy in limb size Homan's sign
40% DVT lead to	Pulmonary emboli
50% DVT lead to	postphlebitic syndrome
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy	Systemic disorder of thrombosis and hemorrhage with evidence of widespread pro-coagulant activity fibrinolytic activation inhibitor consumption and end organ damage from thrombosis
DIC treatment	blood, clotting factors, anticoagulation
DIC Mortality	60 - 80% of cases
DVT Treatment	Reduce risk factors prophylactic therapy anticoagulant therapy thrombolytic therapy greenfield filter
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura	Mortality - 90% Rare 1/50,000 hospital patients
IgM	Primary response
IgG	Secondary response, placenta
IgA	Secretions/mucosal
IgD	Intercellular signaling
IgE	Hypersensitivity, least amount