| Term/Concept | Definition/Explanation |
| Subsistence Farming | self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family, pay taxes or feudal dues |
| Enclosure Movement | the process of taking over & consolidating land (fences) formerly shared by peasant farmers |
| Fallow | land that is plowed and left unseeded for a season or more; uncultivated |
| Charles Townshend | used crop rotation and planted new crops, like turnips, to replenish the worn out soil |
| Jethro Tull | invented the seed drill to help farmers plant seeds in rows rather than scattering them wastefully over the land |
| Robert Bakewell | experimented with scientific breeding to produce animals that weighed more at an earlier age |
| Urbanization | movement of people from rural areas to cities |
| What was farming like in the Middle Ages? | most lived in villages as subsistence farmers on common lands leaving fields fallow; little experimentation/innovation |
| What were the reasons for the changes in farming? | more food was needed due to population growth & the French Blockade cutting off trade resulting in fewer foods/supplies causing prices to go up |
| What were the effects of the Agrarian Revolution? | efficient methods led to higher yields, better diets, healthier people with longer lifespans, easier farming methods, people replaced by machines & forced urbanization |
