Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm
Meds for infection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Action of Penicillins | Destroy bacteria by weakening the bacterial cell wall, short 1/2 life, IM only injection, bacterialcidial |
| Therapeutic Action of Penicillins | Choice drug for gram positive cocci –pneumonia, meningitis, endocartitis, pharyngitis; 1st choice for gram negative cocci – Neisseria meningitis; Tx of syphilis |
| #1 Side Effect of Penicillins to look out for | HYPERSENSITIVITY Allergies/anaphylaxis ***OBSERVE 30 MINS AFTER ADMIN FOR HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION**** |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Penicillins | allergy, renal impairment, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias |
| Contraindications/precautions for Penicillins | if allergic to penicillin-allergic to cephalosporin, and or imipenem |
| Med/Food Interactions of Penicillins | Aminoglycosides – penicillin inactivates it when mixed in IV and Oral contraceptives decrease efficacy |
| Interventions for Penicillins | take with full glass of H2O 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, Penicillin V, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulante, and bacampicillin may be taken with meals |
| Broad-spectrum Penicillins | Augmentin |
| Antistaphlcoccal Penicillins | Unipen, methicillin |
| Antipseudomonas Penicillins | Geocillin, Timentin, Zosyn |
| Action of Cephalosporins | beta-lactam abx- destroy bacterial cell walls causing destruction of microorganisms |
| Cephalosporins are grouped into four generations; each generation is more effective against gram-____organism and anaerobes; less likely to be destroyed by___-____; and able to reach ___(when meningies are inflamed) | negative, beta-lactamase, CSF |
| Therapeutic Action of Cephalosporins | broad spectrum bactericidal meds with high TI; treat UTI, post-op infections, pelvic infections, meningitis |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Cephalosporins | Allergies/anaphylaxis, bleeding tendencies, thrombophebitis, pain with IM injections, Abx ass’d pseudomembraneous colitis |
| Contraindications/precautions of Cephalosporins | if allergic to penicillin-allergic to cephalosporin, and or imipenem; caution with pt with renal impairment; caution when using a combination of this drug with meds that promote bleeding (anticoagulants, antiplatelets, thrombolytics, NSAIDS) |
| Med/Food Interactions of Cephalosporins | disulfiram reaction (intolerance to alcohol), probenecid – delays renal excretion |
| Interventions of Cephalosporins | take until full course is complete; oral cephalosporin with food, |
| 1st generation Cephalosporins | Keflex, Cefadyl |
| 2nd generation Cephalosporins | Ceclor, Cefotan |
| 3rd generation Cephalosporins | Rocephin, Claforan (increased half life, Q day, best on gram neg, Ind: sepsis, menigitis, Int: N/V/D) |
| 4th generation Cephalosporins | cefepime |
| Action of Carbapenems (beta-lactam abx) | destroy bacterial cell walls causing destruction of microorganisms |
| Therapeutic Action of Carbapenems | broad antimicrobial spectrum effective for serious infections (pneumonia, UTI etc); a combination of antipseduomonal meds should be used so resistance does not develop |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Carbapenems | Allergies/anaphylaxis, GI symptoms, Suprainfection |
| Contraindications/precautions of Carbapenems | Caution in pt’s with Renal impairment |
| Interventions of Carbapenems | take until full course is complete |
| Other Medications of Carbapenems | Primaxin, Merrem IV |
| Action of Monobactams (Aztreonam) | beta-lactam abx- destroy bacterial cell walls causing destruction of microorganisms (gram neg aerobic); kills everything in the body even your memory B cells so the body doesn’t remember the bacteria |
| Therapeutic Action of Monobactams (Aztreonam) | antimicrobial of choice for serious infections caused by MRSA; Med of choice for antibiotic-ass’d pseudomembranous colitis |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Monobactams (Aztreonam) | Ototoxicity, Infusion reactions, Thrombophlebitis |
| Therapeutic action for ototoxicity | monitor vancomysin levels, assess for signs of hearing loss, Because of the cellular damage of the level of vancomysin |
| Contraindications/precautions of Monobactams (Aztreonam) | caution with pt with renal impairment |
| Interventions of Monobactams (Aztreonam) | vanco peak blood levels should be collected 1-2 hrs after completion of IV infusion. Peak levels are between 30-40ug/ml; admin vanco slowly over 60 mins and rotate injection sites |
| Other Medications of Monobactams (Aztreonam) | Vancomyosin, Azactam, Monurol |
| Action of Tetracyclines | Inhibit microorganism growth by preventing protein synthesis (bacteriostatic) |
| Therapeutic Action of Tetracyclines | Med of choice topically and orally for acne; 1st line med for ticks disease, infections of urethra or cervix, GI infections caused by H. Pylori, anthrax |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Tetracyclines | GI discomfort, Tooth discoloration, Photosensitivity, Suprainfection of the bowl, decreased Vit D absortion |
| Contraindications/precautions of Tetracyclines | Use during pregnancy after 4th month causes staining of teeth except for the permanent teeth, Pregnancy cat. D, Should be admin to pts with renal impairment except for doxycycline and minocycline |
| Med/Food Interactions of Tetracyclines | Taken on empty stomach with full glass of H2O, Decreases oral contraceptives, Milk products, Ca supps, iron supps, Mg containing laxatives, most antacids, Admin at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after taking foods and supps contain Ca and Mg |
| Interventions of Tetracyclines | take until full course is complete, not given with food except for doxycycline and minocycline, avoid giving at bedtime |
| Other Medications of Tetracyclines | tetracycline hcl, vibramycin |
| Action of Macrolides | bacteriostatic inhibitors, slows growth of microorganism by inhibiting protein synthesis |
| Therapeutic Action of Macrolides | reat infections in pt with penicillin allergy, pertussis, diphtheria, chlamydia, Strep, Pneumonia mycoplasma, legionnaires |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Macrolides | GI discomfort, Thrombophlebitis, Hepatotoxicity, Vertigo, hearing loss, dysrhythmias |
| Contraindications/precautions of Macrolides | Contraindicated in pts with liver disease |
| Med/Food Interactions of Macrolides | Minimize toxicity avoid using with antihistamines, asthma meds, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants (increased risk for bleeding), antifungals (causes macolides to become toxic) |
| Interventions of Macrolides | take until full course is complete, administer on empty stomach, infusion should be slowly and diluted- ask for pain and irritation at IV site, admin with meals when has N/V/D, get baseline EKG |
| Other Medications of Macrolides | erythromyosin, clindamycin, zithromax, biaxin, azithromycin, clarithromycin |
| Action of Aminoglycosides | destroy microorganisms by disrupting protein synthesis |
| Therapeutic Action of Aminoglycosides | med of choice against aerobic gram negative bacilli and oral aminoglycoside used for intestinal amebiasis and tapeworm |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Aminoglycosides | ototoxicity – tinnitus, vertigo, more common in gentamycin than vancomysin !stop aminoglycoside if Sx occur! nephrotoxicity, intense neuromuscular blockage = respiratory depression |
| Contraindications/precautions of Aminoglycosides | caution with pt with renal impairment |
| Med/Food Interactions of Aminoglycosides | penicillin inactivates aminoglycoside when mixed in same IV solution |
| Interventions of Aminoglycosides | peak and trough levels collected, monitor I&O, BUN, creatinine levels |
| Other Medications of Aminoglycosides | *gentamicin*, streptomycin, tobramycin |
| Action of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ) | inhibit bacterial growth by preventing synthesis of folic acid |
| Therapeutic Action of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ) | med of choice for UTI, PCP, shigella, and bronchitis |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ) | hypersensitivity, St-John syndrome, Bleeding problems, Crystalluria, Jaundice, increased bilirubin levels, Photosensivity, Neurological toxicity- hallucinations, depression, agranulocytosis - decreased immune system, first sign sore throat |
| Contraindications/precautions of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ) | Contraindicated in pts with folate deficiency, Do not use if creatinine clearance is <15ml/min, avoid women who are preggo near term, breastfeeding moms, infants less than 2 months |
| Med/Food Interactions of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ) | Coumadin, dilantin, orinase – sulfonamides can increase effects of these meds by inhibiting hepatic metabolism |
| Interventions of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ) | take until full course is complete, take on empty stomach with full glass of water, draw pts baseline and periodic CBC levels, increase fluid intake; 8-10 glasses of water/day |
| Other Medications of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim (TMP-SMZ) | Cotrim, Septra,*Bactrim |
| Action of Urinary Tract Antiseptics | Broad spectrum urinary antiseptic with bacteriostatic action at low doses and bactericidial at high doses, Bacterial injury occurs by damage to DNA |
| Therapeutic Action of Urinary Tract Antiseptics | Acute UTI, Prophylaxis for recurrent lower UTIs |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Urinary Tract Antiseptics | GI discomfort, Peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling, muscle weakness) |
| Contraindications/precautions of Urinary Tract Antiseptics | Contraindicated in pts with renal dysfunction and creatinine clearance less than 40ml/min |
| Med/Food Interactions of Urinary Tract Antiseptics | admin with milk or meals |
| Interventions of Urinary Tract Antiseptics | Urine will have brownish discoloration, Complete full therapy |
| Other Medications of Urinary Tract Antiseptics | Macrodantin |
| Action of Antituberculosis | Inhibits growth of mycobacteria by preventing synthesis of myocolic acid in cell wall |
| Therapeutic Action of Antituberculosis | Indicated for active and latent TB, and leprosy, Latent(only daily for 6 mos) Active(mult meds therapy includ INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and or pyridoxine daily for 6 mos) penetrates CSF, and lesions |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Antituberculosis | Peripheral Neuropathy (numbness/tingling in extremities), Hepatotoxicity, hyperglycemia |
| Contraindications/precautions of Antituberculosis | INH contraindicated in pt with liver disease, do not give to pts who are poor acetylators |
| Med/Food Interactions of Antituberculosis | Phenytoin – interferes with metabolism of phenytoin = accumulation; Alcohol, rifampin, and pyrazinamide increase risk for hepatotoxicity |
| Interventions of Antituberculosis | take until course is complete, empty stomach, Serial monthly LFTs, Educate about color of body fluids(red/orange), admin 50-200mg of Vit B daily, stop if liver function tests results are elevated, teach about S/S of Dm (increased urine, thirst, hunger) |
| Medications of Antituberculosis | INH, streptomycin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide |
| Action of Antivirals | Acyclovir prevents reproduction of viral DNA |
| Therapeutic Action of Antivirals | Med of choice for herpes simplex, herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Antivirals | Phlebitis and inflammation at site of infusion, Nephrotoxicity |
| Contraindications/precautions of Antivirals | Caution in pt with renal impairment, dehydration, pt taking nephrotoxic meds |
| Interventions of Antivirals | Never admin by IV bolus, Complete therapy, rotate IV sites, admin slowly over 1 hr |
| Medications of Antivirals | Acyclovir, rebetol, Epivir HBV, |
| Action of Fluroquinolones | Bactericidal as a result of inhibition of enzyme necessary for DNA replication |
| Therapeutic Action of Fluroquinolones | Alternative to parenteral abx for pts with severe infections; Med of choice for prevention of anthrax in pt who have inhaled spore; Resp, urinary, GI tract inf; inf of bones, joints, skin and soft tissue |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Fluroquinolones | GI discomfort, Achilles tendon rupture, Superinfection, headache, dizziness |
| Contraindications/precautions of Fluroquinolones | Not admin to children <18 |
| Interactions of Fluroquinolones with ____ _____(Al-Mg antacids, iron salts, sucralfate, milk and dairy products) causes a decrease in an absorption of cipro | Cationic compounds |
| Interactions of Fluroquinolones (cipro) with Theophylline and Coumadin causes ____levels to increase | plasma |
| Interventions of Fluroquinolones | IV admin slowly over 60 min, For anthrax infection(admin q12h/60 days), Complete therapy, refrain from strenuous exercise, monitor PT, INR |
| Medications of Fluroquinolones | Cipro |
| Action of Antifungal | Acts on fungal cell membranes to increase cell permeability = leakage of intracellular cations leading to death |
| Therapeutic Action of Antifungal | Med choice for systemic fungal infection-mycoses |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Antifungal | Bone marrow suppression, Hypokalemia, Nephrotoxicity, Thrombophlebitis, fever and chills (shake & bake), cardiac arrest, N/V/D & hepatotoxic |
| Contraindications/precautions of Antifungal | pt with renal impairment |
| Med/Food Interactions of Antifungal | Aminoglycosides – nephrotoxic risk; Flucytosine – potentiated with concurrent use of amphotericin B; no anticoagulants with difucan may increase bleeding; increased oral DM-difucan lowers glucose |
| Interventions of Antifungal | Highly toxic-life threating inf; Amphotericin B should be infused slowly over 2-4 hr by IV; Admin Heparin prior to THx; admin K supps; infuse 1L of saline on day of amphotericin B infusion; could admin muscle relaxants |
| Medications of Antifungal | Fungizone, nystatin, nizoral |
| Action of Antiprotozoals | Slows growth activity against anaerobic microorganism; interferes w/ erythrocyte phase of vector proliferation; polyenes |
| Therapeutic Action of Antiprotozoals | used to treat H. Pylori in combo with tetracycline and bismuth salicylate; Plasmodium which causes malaria when bit by a mosquito |
| Side/Adverse Effects of Antiprotozoals | metallic taste, darkened urine, CNS symptoms (numbness, ataxia, seizure), Retina toxic-blurred vision, photophobia, get baseline vision |
| Contraindications/precautions of Antiprotozoals | Avoid during first trimester; use with caution in rest-can pass through placenta, caution with pt with renal impairment |
| Med/Food Interactions of Antiprotozoals | avoid alcohol, inhibits inactivation of warfarin |
| Interventions of Antiprotozoals | take until full course is complete (preventing:2 weeks, departure 4-6) |
| Medications of Antiprotozoals | Flagyl |
Created by:
BrandiLynn
Popular Pharmacology sets