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antibiotics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sulfonamides: Action? | Inhibit bacterial growth |
| Sulfonamides: Indications? | UTI's, respiratory infections, pneumonias |
| Sulfonamides: SE/AE? | Delayed reactions: fever, rash, GI, hepatic, renal, hematologic complications |
| Sulfonamides: Interactions? | Significant reactions with many meds. Hypoglycemics, warfarin, phenytoin, immunosuppressants |
| Sulfonamides: Labs? | Increased AST (asparatate aminotransferase); alkaline phosphate |
| Sulfonmides: Prototype? | Sulfamethoxazole |
| Sulfamethoxazole: Indications? | UTIs, ear infections, bronchitis, gonorrhea, general infections. Prophylaxis of HIV. |
| Sulfamethoxazole: Contraindications? | Pregnancy at term, infants under 2 mo. Liver, renal disease, severe allergies. Drug to drug allergies. |
| 4 classes of Beta-Lactams? | Penicillin Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monbactams |
| Penicillins: Action? | Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Limited to killing bacterial cells, not other cells in body. |
| Penicillins: Indications? | Gram-positive strep, staph. Pneumonia, strep, syphillis |
| Penicillins: SE/AE? | Hypersensitivity: uticaria, pruritis, angioedema. 10% are life threatening. |
| Penicillins: Interactions? | Decrease effectiveness of warfarin, contraceptives. |
| Penicillins: Prototype? | Amoxicillin |
| Which antibiotic (according to powerpoints) is used to treat cat scratch fever? | Amoxicillin (really, it's azithromycin, a macrolide) |
| Amoxicillin: Indications? | Ear, nose, throat, GU, skin infections. |
| Amoxicillin: Administration? | 500 mg and 875 mg tablets. Avail in chewable tablets and pediatric drops. |
| Cephalosporins: What are they? | Synthetic antibiotic derivative of cephalosporin C |
| Cephalosporins: Action? | Bactericidal, interfere w/ bacterial cell wall synthesis. |
| Cephalosporins: Indications? | Wide spectrum bacteria: gram-pos, gram-neg |
| What is the differentiation b/w 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporins? | 3rd generation is more effective on gram negatives. |
| Cephalosproins: SE/AE? | Similar to penicillin. Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus, redness. |
| Cephalosporin: Prototype? | Cefazolin. First-generation cephalosporin |
| Trade names for cefazolin? | Ancef, Kefzol |
| Cefazolin: indications? | Gram-positive. Skin infections, pneumonia, UTI, bone/joint infections, septicemia, perioperative prophylaxis, billiary and genital infections. Bacterial endocarditis, prophylaxis for dental and upper respiratory tract procedures |
| Cefazolin: Routes? | IM, IV. Parenteral |
| Carbapenems: Action? | Interferes to cell wall synthesis. (like other beta-lactams) |
| Carbapenems: indications? | very broad antimicrobial spectrum; most bacterial pathogens. Highly active against gram-positive cocci, Most gram-negative cocci and bacilli. Most effective beta-lactam against anaerobic bacteria |
| Carbapenems: contraindications? | allergies to other beta-lactams may be cross-allergic |
| Carbapenems: SE/AE? | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Hypersensitivity reactions, rashes, pruritus, drug fever, suprainfections and rarely seizures |
| Carbapenems: Prototype? | Imipenem (Primaxin) |
| Monobactams: | I have no idea what we are supposed to know for these... |
| Macrolides: Action? | Prevents bacterial protein synthesis |
| Macrolides: Protoypes? | Erythromycin. Azithromycin (Zithromax) |
| Macrolides: Indications? | Respiratory infections, skin infections, soft tissue infections. |
| Macrolides: SE/AE? | GI are primary. Adverse effects include CV-palpitations,CNS- headache, rash, hearing loss. |
| Macrolides: Contraindications: | Liver problems, drug to drug interactions. |
| Erythromycin: Indications? | Diptheria, pneumonia, strep throat. Legionnaires’ disease, Bordatella pertussis (whooping cough), urethritis, cervicitis, respiratory infections, rheumatic fever, bacterial endocarditis. |
| Tetracyclines: Action? | Inhibit protein synthesis. Prevent growth and repair of bacteria. |
| Tetracyclines: Indications? | Wide range. Chlamydia, pneumonia, rickettsia, (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, Q fever), brucellosis, cholera, LYME DISEASE, ANTHRAX, gastric infection w/ H. pylori (peptic ulcer) Topically used for acne. Periodontal disease |
| Tetracyclines: Contraindications? | Known drug allergy. Dairy products, antacids, penicillins, anticoags. Winnie: contraindicated in pregnant women and children under 8 y/o |
| Tetracyclines: SE/AE? | Photosensitivity, discoloration of teeth, candida, diarrhea, pseudo colitis. hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity |
| Tetracycines: Prototypes? | Doxycycline |
| Doxycycline: Indications? | periodontal disease Lyme disease, anthrax, chlamydial infections, sexually acquired proctitis |
| Doxycycline: Side effects? | Photosensitivity, candida, discoloration of teeth, diarrhea |
| Aminoglycosides: Protoype? | Tobramycin |
| Aminoglycosides: Action? | Bind to ribosomes and prevent protein synthesis |
| Aminoglycosides: Indications? | Gram negative infections and some gram positive. Pseudomonas. Winnie: Ear infection, eye, skin. |
| Which aminoglycoside is used for TB? | streptomycin (Winnie) |
| Aminoglycosides: SE/AE? | Very potent, therefore can cause serious toxicities to kidneys (nephrotoxicity) and ears (ototoxicity) |
| Aminoglycosides: Interactions? | Diuretics, skeletal muscle relaxants, anticoags. |
| Fluroquinolones: Action? | Alters DNA of bacteria. Book says: disrupts DNA replication and cell division |
| Fluroquinolones: Indications? | Bacterial infections (S. aureous), wide variety of gram pos and gram neg bacteria. |
| Fluroquinalones: SE/AE? | Cardiac effects: prolonged QT interval. CNS, GI, skin. Book- can cause tendon rupture, i.e. Achilles |
| Fluroquinolones: Protoype/example? | Ciprofloxacin |
| Ciprofloxacin: Indications? | infections of respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI tract, bones, joints, skin and soft tissues, prevention of anthrax |
Created by:
kangaloo
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