Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Immunizations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| inactivated vaccines | made from killed viruses or bacteria DOES NOT cause disease May require multiple doses |
| live attenuated vaccines | made from weakened viruses or bacteria MAY cause a mild version of the disease usually a single dose |
| inactivated vaccine examples | DTaP, Td, Tdap Hepatitis A & B Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) HPV (Human Papillomavirus) PCV/ PPSV (Pneumococcal) RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Meningococcal Influenza COVID-19 Herpes zoster (Shingles) |
| live attenuated vaccine exmaples | MMR (Measles, Mumps, & Rubella) Rotavirus Varicella (Chickenpox) Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) Yellow fever Oral typhoid Smallpox |
| toxoid vaccines | Contains a weakened toxin made by the bacteria -Often combined with an adjuvant (aluminum) to enhance immune response Create immunity to the toxin, instead of the bacteria itself often needs a booster |
| toxoid vaccines examples | Diphtheria Tetanus |
| Subunit/ recombinant/ polysaccharide/ conjugate vaccines | Contin a specific part of the virus (ie protein, sugar, or capsid Promotes strong response to a key part of the virus often needs booster doses |
| Subunit/ recombinant/ polysaccharide/ conjugate vaccines examples | Hib Hepatitis B HPV Pneumococcal Meningococcal Shingles |
| viral vector vaccines | part of virus inserted into a different, harmless virus (vector which CANNOT replicate) which tells you how to make the protein spike and stimulates the immune response |
| viral vector vaccines examples | COVID-19 (Johnson and Johnson) |
| Viral messenger RNA vaccine | tells your cells how to make the viral protein spike and stimulates your immune response DO NOT enter cell nucleus (or live virus) and get broken down after providing the spike protein instruction |
| Viral messenger RNA vaccine examples | COVID-19 (Pfizer and Moderna) |
| Adjuvants | Substances added to some vaccines to help your immune system respond more strongly and increases immunity Causes MORE ADEs (inj site rxn, fever, chill, body aches) |
| Adjuvants examples | Aluminum (DT, DTaP, Td, Tdap, HepA, HepB, HPV, MenB, Pneumococcal) AS01B (zoster) AS04 (HPV) CpG 1018 (HepB) MF59 (Fluad influenza) |
| Preservatives | Protect vaccine from outside bacteria/fungus ONLY used for MULTI-dose vials |
| preservative example | thimerosal |
| Stabilizers | Prevent active ingredients in vaccine from changing due to changes in temp |
| Stabilizers examples | sugar or gelatin |
| Minimum intervals between receiving these 2 vaccines: 2 inactivated vaccines= ? inactivated and live vaccine=? 2 live vaccines=? | no min no min 28-day min interval |
| contraindication | Conditions in a recipient that ↑ the risk for a serious adverse reaction-> DONT GIVE THE VACCINE |
| pt contraindication examples | anaphylaxis, severe allergy, acute illness currently |
| pts who should avoid live vaccines like flu mist | pregnant, immunosuppressed, anaphylaxis, recent flu tx, CSF leaks, asplenia, sickle cell disease |
| vaccine given to every pregnant women | Tdap @ 27-36 weeks |
| live vaccines in an immunocompromised pt | risk for ↑ adverse effects due to uninhibited replication |
| inactivated vaccines in an immunocompromised pt | ↓ effectiveness |
| tx for low-level immunosuppressed pt before/ after vaccine | Prednisone dose of <2 mg/kg/day with a maximum dose of <20 mg/day |
| tx for high-level immunosuppressed pt before/ after vaccine | Corticosteroid doses higher than those listed for low-dose immunosuppression for >14 days |
| flu vaccine for >/= 65 yo | Quadrivalent with MF59 adjuvant= Fluad Quadrivalent high dose= Fluzone High-Dose |
| live attenuated flu vaccine for 2-49 yo | flu mist |
| egg free flu vaccine | Recombinant quadrivalent=Flublok Quadrivalent cell-based= Flucelvax |
| dosage for Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: PCV15 (Vaxneuvance) or PCV20 (Prevnar 20) in KIDS | 4 doses @ 2, 4, 6, & 12-15 MONTHS |
| Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine that has a sugar molecule that resembles bacteria and is an ADULT VACCINE ONLY | PPSV23 (Pneumovax 23) |
| Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for KIDS | PCV15 or PCV20 |
| minimum intervals between PCV215 and PPSV23 pneumococcal vaccine (+ for immunocompromised) | PCV15 should be given prior to PPSV23 Separate by 1 year for most immunocompetent patients Separate by 8 weeks for select immunocompromised patients |
| pneumococcal vaccine that should be taken alone | PCV20 |
| time kids should receive the varicella zoster vaccine | 2 doses @ 12-15 mo & 4-6 y |
| time adults should receive the herpes zoster vaccine | ≥50: 2 doses, 2-6 mo apart ≥19 immunocompromised: 2 doses, 1-2 mo apart |
| varicella zoster vaccine is a ____1___ virus herpes zoster vaccine is a _____2___ virus | 1. live attenuated 2. inactivated |
| HPV causing genital warts | HPV 6 and 11 |
| HPV causing cancer | HPV 16 and 18 |
| when Kids should receive Gardasil 9 | Routine: 2 doses: -Age 11-12 & 6-12 mo later -Catch up: 3 doses if ages 15-26 |
| contraindications of Gardasil 9 | Anaphylaxis (previous dose, component, or YEAST) |
| who receives DTap and how often | KIDS: 5 doses @ 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, 15-18 mo, & 4-6 yrs |
| who receives Tdap and how often | Booster @ 11-12 yrs Pregnancy: booster during the 3rd trimester of every pregnancy (27-36 weeks gestation |
| who receives Td and how often | Booster @ ≥19 yrs given every 10 years |
| contraindications for Tdap, Dtap, Td | anaphylaxis, encephalopathy within 7 days of previous dose |
| precautions for Tdap, Dtap, Td | progressive neurologic disorders, Guillain-Barré syndrome <6 weeks after previous dose, acute illness |
| when kids should receive the MMR vaccine | 12-15 months & 4-6 years (2nd dose not a booster, but to revaccinate non-responder) |
| what adults should receive the MMR vaccine | Born 1957 or later need documentation of 1 or more doses |
| what adults require 2 doses of the MMR vaccine | healthcare worker, college student, international travel, women who may become pregnant, well-controlled HIV |
| contraindications to MMR vaccine | Allergy to gelatin or neomycin, pregnancy, severe immunosuppression |
| precautions for MMR vaccine | pt who received blood products in the last 11 months, history of thrombocytopenia |
| preferred ages for COVID mRNA vaccine (Pfizer and Moderna) | >/= 6 mo |
| risks of the mRNA COVID vaccine (Pfizer and Moderna) | myocarditis & pericarditis, especially in males ages 12-39 |
| preferred ages for COVID protein subunit vaccine (Novavax) | >/= 12 yo (alt if mRNA vaccine unavailable) |
| risks of the protein subunit COVID vaccine (Novavax) | Risk of myocarditis & pericarditis |
| ADEs for the COVID vaccine | fever, chills, fatigue, HA especially after dose #2 |
| reasons why Johnson and Johnson viral vaccine is no longer available in the US | Risk of blood clots and thrombocytopenia |
| who you report vaccine ADEs to | Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System |
Created by:
rew12042000
Popular Pharmacology sets