Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Exam 2
NURS 218
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is Dwarfism? | growth below the third percentile of the established normal values |
| what is Acromegaly? | a chronic disease resulting from excessice secretion of growth hormone |
| what is Diabetes Insipidus? | endocrine dysfunction leading to polyuria |
| what is the etiology of dwarfism? | cell mutation and idiopathic |
| what is the etiology of acromegaly? | tumor on hypothalamus |
| what is the etiology of Diabetes Insipidus? | idiopathic, hereditary |
| what are the clinical manifestations of Dwarfism? | disproprotional short arms and legs |
| what are the clinical manifestations of Acromegaly? | slow onset and progression, diabetes, menstrual abnormalities, erectile dysfunction, thickening of skin, and enlarged internal organs. |
| what are the clincal manifestations of Diabetes Insipidus? | excretion of large quantities of dilute urine and increased thirst. |
| what is the drug for Dwarfism? | Somatropin |
| what is Somatropin used for? | For growth deficiency due to deficiency of GH and small stature in children. Stimulates growth in long bones. (can gain up to 2 inches in height) |
| what is the drug for Diabetes Insipidus? | Desmopressin (DDAVP) |
| what is Desmopressin (DDAVP) used for? | The treatment of diabetes insipidus (works 15 – 20 minutes) Works in the renal tubule to conserve urine (nasal route) |
| what is Addison's disease? | Primary adrenal insufficiency |
| what is Cushing's Disease? | Excessive amounts of glucocorticoids or adrenocortical excess |
| what is Hypoparathyroidism? | Disorder in which the parathyroid glands in the neck do not produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| what is Hyperparathyroidism? | an abnormally high concentration of parathyroid hormone in the blood, resulting in weakening of the bones |
| what is calcium? | Critical to the normal function of all body cells; the requirement of normal adults is 1000 mg daily |
| what is Calcitonin? | A hormone from the thyroid gland |
| what is Vitamin D (calciferol)? | A fat-soluble vitamin that functions as a hormone and is absorbed from the GI tract |
| what is Tetany? | Neuromuscular irritability resulting in numbness and tingling of the lips, fingers and toes. |
| what is Hypercalcemia? | A high serum calcium level; greater then 10.5 mg/dL |
| what is Hypocalcemia? | A low serum calcium level; less than 8.5 mg/dL |
| what is Osteoporosis? | Decreases bone density and weak, fragile bones that lead to fracture, pain, and disability. |
| what is Paget's disease? | Interference with the recycling process |
| what are the clinical manifestations of Hypercalcemia? | Digestive symptoms, nausea/vomiting, poor appetite or constipation |
| what are the clinical manifestations of Hypocalcemia? | Paresthesia, muscle spasms, cramps, tetany, circumoral numbness, and seizures. |
| what are the clinical manifestations of Osteoporosis? | Fractures, pain, and disability. |
| what are the clinical manifestations of Paget's disease? | Headaches and hearing loss |
| what is the action, use, and adverse effects of Calcium? | Action: Absorbed in small intestine Use:Provides supplemental calcium Adverse Effects:Anorexia, poor memory, and weakness |
| what is the action, use, and adverse effects of Vitamin D? | Action: A fat-soluble vitamin absorbed from the GI tract Use: Vitamin D deficiency Adverse Effects: Hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia • kidney damage & muscle weakness |
| what is the action, use, and adverse effects of Alendronate (Fosamax)? | Action: Binds to bone and inhibits calcium resorption from bone Use: Use prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and osteoporosis in men. Adverse Effects: damage esophagus damage if laid down after taken |
| what is the action, use, and adverse effects of Hydrocortisone? | Action: Prevents or suppresses immune reactions. Use: Replacement therapy, allergy, inflammation, cancer Adverse Effects: At low doses, none Chronically in high doses; heart burn, delayed healing, increased risk of infection, etc. |
| what is the action, use, and adverse effects of Ketoconazole? | Action: Antifungal drug Inhibits an enzyme in cortical synthesis Use: Cushing’s disease Best taken with food or acidic drinks Adverse Effects: Pruritus, headache, and hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity) |
| what is a method for avoiding medication errors? | all insulin syringes have orange caps for quick identification, but verify the markings are in units to prevent a medication error. |
| what are methods that can be used to avoid medication errors? | Check 3 times rule; 1. Check that the medication matches the patients name when you grab it. 2. Check that the medication matches with what is prescribed. 3. Check that the medication matches with the patient when you scan in the room. |
| what are the steps for using an Inhaler? | 1. Wash hands. 2. Gloves may be worn. 3. Shake inhaler gently. 4. Take off cap. 5. Hold inhaler upright between thumb and first 2 fingers. 6. Tilt patient’s head back slightly. |
| what are the steps for using an Inhaler without Spacer? | 1. Open mouth, Hold inhaler 1-2 inches in front of mouth. 3. place inhaler in mouth with pointed to back of throat. 4. Exhale completely. 5. Press down on inhaler while inhaling, 6. Hold breath for 10 seconds. 7. Exhale slowly through pursed lips |
| what are the steps for using an Inhaler with Spacer? | 1. Remove cap of the inhaler 2. Place the mouthpiece in the mouth. 3. Exhale 4. Spray one puff. 5. Breathe deeply and slowly for 2-3 seconds. 6. Hold breath for count of 10. 7. Pucker lips and breath out slowly. 8. Rinse mouth with water. |
| how to apply Nitroglycerin Ointment? | 1. Measure on clean, ruled application paper. 2. DO NOT TOUCH WITH YOUR HANDS. 3. Remove old medication. 4. Apply transparent dressing. 5. Rotate sites. |
| how to apply transdermal patches? | 2. changed on a regular basis from 24-48 hours. 3. Wear gloves for removing old patch and placing new patch. 4. Remove old patch, place in gloves 5. Select new site 6. place on skin, press firmly, Do not cut or alter the patch, Rotate sites |
| what to do for adults or children older than 3 when administering Otic Medication? | 1. Pull the pinna up and back. |
| what to do for infants or children younger than 3 when administering Otic Medication? | 1. Pull the pinna down and back. |
| how to give topical eye medications? | 2. Put on gloves. 3. Offer tissue to patient. 4. Make sure patient is not wearing contact lenses. 5. Clean eye of drainage with a warm, damp washcloth 6. tilt head back and look up. 7. Nondominant hand under the eye 8. Expose the conjunctival sac. |
| how to give eye drops? | 1. Dominant hand on the forehead 2. Hold the dropper 1-2cm above the conjunctival sac. 3. Drop the correct number of drops. 4. If the patient moves or blinks, repeat. |
| how to give eye ointment? | 1. Place an even strip of medication along the border of the conjunctival sac. |
| what to know about syringes? | • Syringes are used to administer parenteral medications. • A disposable syringe is a sterile device that is available in various sizes ranging from 0.5 mL to 60 mL. Syringes may be supplied individually or with a needle and protective cover attached. |
| what to know about the Luer Lock? | • Have threads in the needle hub that provide a secure connection of needles, tubing, or other devices. |
| what to know about insulin syringes? | • Insulin is administered using a specific syringe; they are marked in units not milliliters (mL), because insulin is prescribed by providers in units. |
| what to know about prefilled cartridges? | • Prefilled and marked to identify both the drug and dosage. |
| what to know about vials? | • It is a single or multi-dose plastic container. • A single-use vial must be discarded after one use. • Multi-dose vials are used for medication like insulin and must be labelled with the data it was opened. • Are glass or plastic. |
| what to know about ampules? | • Parenteral medications are supplied in sterile vials, ampules, and prefilled syringes. • Ampules are small glass containers containing liquid medication ranging from 1 mL to 10 mL sizes. • They have a scored neck to indicate where to break the ampule. |
| how to break an ampule? | • First, tap the ampule while holding it upright to move fluid down out of the neck. • Place a piece of gauze around the neck, and then snap the neck away from your hands. |
| how to remove medication from an ampule? | • Medication is withdrawn from an ampule using a syringe with a blunt filter needle. o Blunt filter needles have a blunt end to prevent needlestick injuries and a filter to prevent glass particles from being drawn back up into the syringe. |
| describe normal physiology of the thyroid gland. | Butterfly shaped organ located in the neck anterior to the trachea. Its hormones regulate basal metabolism, oxygen use, nutrient metabolism, the production of ATP and calcium homeostasis. |
| what is Type 1 Diabetes? | Autoimmune disorder that destroys pancreatic beta cells Destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells |
| what is Type 2 Diabetes? | Insulin is present but not working. Defective insulin secretion and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. |
| what is polyuria? | increase in urination |
| what is polyphagia? | increase in hunger |
| what is polydipsia? | increase in thirst |
| what is the regulation of insulin secretion? | • Primarily regulated by the d-glucose level in the extracellular fluid bathing the B cells |
| what is the onset, peak, duration & administration of Inuslin Humulin R? | Onset: 30-60 min Peak: 2-3 hours Duration: 5-7 hours Adminstration: when patient is eating |
| what is the onset, peak, duration & administration of Isophane Inuslin Suspension (NPH)? | Onset: 1-1.5 hours Peak: 8-12 hours Duration: 18-24 hours Administration: when patient is eating |
| what is the onset, peak, duration & administration of Insulin Lispro? | Onset: 15 min Peak: 1-1.5 hour Duration: 6-8 hours Administration: when food is in front of patient |
| what is the onset, peak, duration & administration of Insulin Aspart? | Onset: 15 min Peak: 1-3 hours Duration: 1-3 hours Administration: when food is infront of patient |
| what is the onset, peak, duration & administration of Insulin Glargine? | Onset: 1 hour Peak: NO PEAK Duration: 24 hours Administration: taken at night |
| what is the onset, peak, duration & administration of Insulin Glulisine? | Onset: 10-15 min Peak:1-1.5 hours Duration: 3-5 hours Administration: when food is infront of patient |
| what is the onset, peak, duration & administration of Insulin Deter? | Onset: 1 hour Peak: NONE Duration: 6-23 hours Administration: taken at night |
| what are the characteristics and management of hypoglycemia? | • Low Blood Glucose Levels • Can cause funny feeling, sweating, change in orientation, death, etc. • Management: eat or drink 15 to 20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates’ |
| what is Graves Disease? | Autoimmune disorder that causes an increase in metabolism. Hyperthyroidism |
| what is Thryoiditis (Hashimoto's)? | Autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism |
| what is Cretinism? | Congenital hypothyroidism. |
| what is Myxedema? | Hypothyroidism occurs only after early childhood. |
| what is Goiter? | hyper or hypo |
| what is Hyperthyroidism? | Characterized by excessive synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones |
| what is Hypothyroidism? | Characterized by diminished secretion of thyroid hormone. May be caused by disease of destruction of the thyroid gland. |
| what is Propylthiouracil? | used for Hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) Oral Drug; taken daily at same time |
| what is Levothyroxine? | used for Hypothyroidism and myxedema coma (a crisis of hypothyroidism) |
| what does Metformin do? | Decreases hepatic production of glucose. Decreases intestinal absorption of glucose. used for Alone or in combination with insulin or other oral agents to treat Type 2 Diabetes. |
| what does Repaglinide do? | Closes potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, which causes calcium channels to open and release insulin used for Oral Drug Type 2 Diabetes |
| what does Sitagliptin do? | Lengthens the release of insulin and decreases production of glucose by the liver. used for Oral Drug Type 2 Diabetes |
| what does Dulaglutide do? | Increases insulin release, slow gastric emptying used for Adjunct to diet, exercise in Type 2 DM |
| what does Empagliflozin do? | Lowers serum glucose levels by increasing excretion of urinary glucose used for Oral Drug Type 2 Diabetes Reduces risk of cardiovascular death |
Created by:
jpayne32
Popular Pharmacology sets