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MODULE 14: KEY TERMS

Commonly prescribed interventions

QuestionAnswer
Aneurysm: Bulge or clot in an artery that may rupture.
Angina: Chest pain that may radiate to the arms, jaw, neck, abdomen, or back but is not as severe as a heart attack. Angina may be caused by exercise or a decrease in the blood supply to the heart.
Angioedema: Swelling of the mouth, tongue, and face due to adverse effects of ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
Anticholinergic effects: Sedation, dry mouth, constant
Bronchi: Branches of the lungs.
Bronchoconstriction: Constriction of the airways in the lungs.
Diabetic ketoacidosis: Complication in patients who have type 1 diabetes mellitus in which the body metabolizes fatty acids instead of carbohydrates because insulin is not present.
Diastolic blood pressure: The pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. It is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading (80 in 130/80 mm Hg).
Dysphonia: Vocal cord inflammation.
Endocrine system: The endocrine system is a group of glands and organs that release hormones to control various bodily functions (cellular metabolism, reproduction, growth and development, electrolyte balance).
Glaucoma: A condition in which too much water around the retina and optic nerve increase the IOP.
Hyperkalemia: Increased potassium levels.
Hyperlipidemia: Excessive amounts of fats in the blood; also known as high cholesterol, which can clog blood vessels, especially those of the heart.
Hyperglycemia: Low blood glucose.
Immediate release (IR): Referring to medications that disintegrate rapidly to release medicine into the bloodstream.
Lactic acidosis: Life-threatening metabolic complication characterized by muscle pain, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, and bradycardia in which there is a buildup of lactic acid, often due to a lack of oxygen.
mm Hg: Millimeters of mercury is the measurement standard for blood pressure , originally based on the movement of mercury through a vacuum tube.
Myalgia: Muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness.
Myocardial infarction (MI): Heart attack; damage to the heart muscle resulting from coronary arteries, which prevents sufficient oxygen being supplied to the heart.
Myosis: Near vision, nearsightedness.
Orthostatic hypotension: A sudden decrease in blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more systolic blood pressure or a decrease of 10 mm Hg or more in diastolic blood pressure upon standing. This condition puts patients at risk for injury due to fainting.
Papilledema: Optic nerve swelling.
Peripheral artery disease: Condition characterized by a decreased blood supply to arms or legs. Patients who smoke or have diabetes mellitus are at greatest risk for developing PAD.
Peripheral edema: Fluid accumulation due to vasodilation of the peripheral arteries.
Prophylaxis: Prevention of disease; preventative treatment.
Pulmonary embolism: Condition characterized by the dislodging of a portion of a blood clot, also called an embolism, which travels to the lungs and causes difficulty breathing.
Retinopathy: Vascular damage to the retina.
Reye's Syndrome: Rare disorder in children potentiated by using aspirin, especially during a fever.
Rhabdomyolysis: death muscle tissue, releasing muscle fiber contents into the blood.
Serotonergic syndrome: Condition characterized by confusion, agitation, hyperthermia, tachycardia, and muscle abnormalities.
Substained release: Referring to medications that release into the bloodstream slowly over an extended time.
Systolic blood pressure: Top number on a blood pressure reading.
Thrush: A fungal infection characterized by white patches in mouth.
Ventilator: A machine used for artificial respiration.
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