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DT261-Penicillin

Penicillian

TermDefinition
Penicillin: Four Major Groups 1. Penicillin G and V 2. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin 3. Amoxicillin 4. Extended-spectrum penicillin
Oral Penicillin: Advantages Convenience Less likelihood of life-threatening allergic reaction
Oral Penicillin: Disadvantages Blood levels rise more slowly Blood levels are less predictable Lack of patient compliance Degraded by gastric acid
Penicillin: Pharmacokinetics Distributed throughout body except cerebrospinal fluid, bone, and abscesses Crosses the placenta; appears in breast milk Metabolized by hydrolysis in liver Undergoes tubular secretion in kidneys Bactericidal agent that attaches to peni
Penicillin: Resistance Penicillinase-producing staphylococci produce enzymes that inactivate penicillin Clavulanic acid serves as an inhibitor, which allows for the use of amoxicillin to treat penicillinase-producing organisms Cell membrane prevents penicillin from rea
Penicillin: Adverse Reactions •Toxicity •Convulsions •Renal damage •Hemolytic anemia •Bone marrow depression •Penicillinase-resistance •GI irritation •Sterile abscesses •Thrombophlebitis
Penicillin: Allergy and Hypersensitivity Anaphylactic reactions Rash Delayed serum sickness Oral lesions Interstitial nephritis Hemolytic anemia Eosinophilia
Penicillin: Uses Treatment of dental infections Amoxicillin used for specific prophylactic indications Effective against many aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
Penicillinase: Resistant Penicillin Should be reserved for use against only penicillinase-producing staphylococci: •Cloxacillin •Dicloxacillin
Created by: mbk2023
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