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DT261-Emergency

Basic Medical Emergency Drugs

TermDefinition
Epinephrine: Indications •Cardiac Arrest •Allergic Reaction-Anaphylaxis •Acute Asthmatic Attack
Epinephrine: Mode of Action • stimulation of the myocardium • stimulation of the bronchial smooth muscle
Epinephrine: Administration Must be readily available in all dental treatment settings. Supplied in glass ampules as well as pre-filled syringes (Epi-Pen). Given by intravenous, intramuscular, endotracheal, or intracardiac routes.
Diphenhydramine: Indications Some allergic reactions
Diphenhydramine: Mode of Action Antihistamine competes with histamine for tissue receptor sites Rapid reversal of allergic symptoms should not be expected.
Diphenhydramine: Administration Supplied as Benadryl Often used on combination with epinephrine Administered Intramuscularly or orally. Intramuscular Dosage : 50mg (maximum dosage teens and adults) 30 mg (maximum dosage for children- 8 to 12 years) Warning: not for use in
Oxygen: Indications Indicated in most emergencies Used to treat hypoxia Support for respiratory depression after narcotic medications. Preventive use during medical emergencies; used during CPR and cardiac events May not be useful in patient's with asthma
Oxygen: Mode of Action Room air is approximately 20% Oxygen. By supplying 100% oxygen, patients can receive enough oxygen when breathing is suppressed or insufficient.
Oxygen: Administration The most common method is nasal canula to prevent hypoxia. A mask or ambu-bag is used during resuscitative efforts Oxygen is always administered with nitrous oxide via nasal hood. Use a pulse oximeter to monitor effectiveness (97-100).
Nitroglycerin: Indications Acute anginal attack (Chest pain) Patients with coronary artery disease
Nitroglyerin: Mode of Action Dilation of major arteries in the heart Opens blood vessels so that the heart does not have to work as hard, and therefore does not need as much oxygen.
Nitroglycerin: Administration Used at the first sign of symptoms. Tablets: Supplied as a sublingual tablet that is placed under the tongue. May cause dizziness or fainting or may cause headaches Caution in using after drugs like sildenafil (Viagra) Dose: 0.3 - 0.6 m
Glucose: Indications Hypoglycemia related to diabetes Insulin overdose
Glucose: Mode of Action The glucose sugar supports the brain and can be used in the event of low blood sugar which will cause disturbances in consciousness.
Glucose: Administration Place a small amount in the buccal pouch or under the tongue. Do not use in unconscious patients Use a can of CocaCola for early prevention of hypoglycemia Honey, cake frosting can also be used in a nonclinical setting. Use fingerstick
Albuterol: Indications Acute asthmatic attack Respiratory distress accompanying anaphylaxis Bronchospasm
Albuterol: Mode of Action Short-acting adrenergic agonist Produces bronchodilation (in a few seconds)
Albuterol: Administration Albuterol comes as a solution (liquid) to inhale by mouth using a special jet nebulizer (machine that turns medication into a mist that can be inhaled). Also as a powder to inhale by mouth using an inhaler.
Aspirin Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is one of the more newly recognized life-saving drugs, as it has been shown to reduce overall mortality from acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of its administration during an acute myocardial infarction is to prev
Created by: mbk2023
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