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Orange Block 3,4,&5
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Commonly used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ends is -glitazone | Thiazolidinediones |
Know as Oral anti-diabetic | Thiazolidinediones |
Increases tissue sensitivity to insulin | MOA of Thiazolidinediones |
N/V/D Weight gain Liver failure Heart Failure | Common Adverse Reactions of Thiazolidinediones |
pioglitazone | Actos |
15mg, 30mg, 45mg tabs | Actos |
rosiglitazone | Avandia |
2mg, 4mg, 8mg tabs Available in combination with Metformin | Avandia |
Commonly used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ends in -tide | Incretin Mimetics GLP-1 Agonist |
Stimulates GLP-1 receptors in alpha & beta cells in pancreas * beta cell stimulation mediates insulin secretion when glucose levels increase | MOA of Incretin Mimetics GLP-1 Agonist |
Delays gastric emptying by causing decreased appetite, and slows the rise of post-prandial blood glucose levels. | MOA of Incretin Mimetics GLP-1 Agonist |
exenatide | Byetta |
SQ injection Inject 60 mins before morning and evening meal | Byetta |
liraglutide | Victoza |
SQ injection Store in refrigerator Pen stable fro 30 days after opening | Victoza |
Commonly used to treat Hypothyroidism (low thyroid) | Thyroid Replacements |
Supplementation of thyroid hormone | Thyroid Replacements |
Has more rapid onset of action & shorter duration of action | T3 |
Has longer onset of action & longer duration of action | T4 |
Why must you keep patients on same brand of thyroid replacements? | Different manufacturers has different bioavailability |
Interferes with the absorption of thyroid food delays with absorption | Iron and Calcium |
Take on empty stomach Take with water | Common Auxiliary labels for Thyroid Replacements |
1 tablet once daily, usually first thing in the morning | Common doses for Thyroid Replacements |
levothyroxine | Eltroxin & Synthroid |
50mcg, 100mcg, 150mcg, 200mcg, 300mcg tabs | Eltroxin |
25mcg, 50mcg, 75mcg, 88mcg, 100mcg, 112mcg, 125mcg, 137mcg, 150mcg, 175mcg, 200mcg, 300mcg tabs | Synthroid |
dessicated thyroid | Armour |
30mg, 60mg, 125mg tabs | Armour |
liothyronine | Cytomel |
5mcg, 25mcg tabs | Cytomel |
Commonly used to treat Hyperthyroidism | Thioamides |
Inhibits conversion of T4 to T3 | MOA of Tapazole (methimazole) |
Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormones | MOA of Propyl-Thyracil (propylthiouracil) |
methimazole | Tapazole |
5mg, 10mg tabs | Tapazole |
propylthiouracil | Propyl-Thyracil |
50mg, 100mg tabs | Propyl-Thyracil |
Commonly used to treat BPH Ends in -osin | Alpha blockers Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists |
Binds tp receptor sites Blocks vasoconstriction Relaxes prostate and bladder smooth muscles Reduces urethral resistance Improves urine flow | MOA of Alpha Blockers |
Postural hypotension, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, and tachycardia | Common Adverse Reactions of Alpha Blockers |
Commonly dosed once daily | Alpha Blockers |
doxazosin | Cardura |
1mg, 2mg, 4mg tabs | Cardura |
tamulosin | Flomax |
0.4mg caps and tabs Extended release Swallow whole, do not crush or chew | Flomax |
terazosin | Hytrin |
1mg, 2mg, 5mg, 10mg tabs | Hytrin |
silodosin | Rapaflo |
4mg, 8mg tabs | Rapaflo |
alfuzosin | Xatral |
10mg tabs | Xatral |
Commonly used to treat BPH ends in -asteride | 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors |
Inhibits the action of 5a reductase increased testosterone levels are associated with excess growth of prostate tissue. | MOA of 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors |
Harmful to developing fetus Avoid handling with crushed or broken tabs | 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors |
Erectile Dysfunction | Common Adverse Reaction of 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors |
dutasteride | Avodart |
0.5mg caps | Avodart |
finasteride | Proscar |
5mg tabs 1mg tabs, Propecia ( used to treat hair loss) | Proscar |
Commonly used to treat Erectile Dysfunction | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
Relaxes smooth muscles & blood vessels controlling penile enlargement Increases nitric oxide levels | MOA of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
Flushing, dizziness, headache, and visual effects | Common Adverse reactions of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
Life threatning drop in blood pressure if taken with nitrates Use cautions when taking alpha antagonists, anti-fungals, and macrolide ABX | Adverse Reactions of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
Avoid grapefruit Avoid nitrates | Common Auxiliary Labels of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
tadalafil | Cialis |
2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg, 20mg tabs | Cialis |
vardenafil | Levitra |
5mg, 10mg, 20mg tabs | Levitra |
sildenafil | Viagra |
25mg, 50mg, 100mg tabs | Viagra |
Used to treat pulmonary hypertension | Revatio (sildenafil) |
Commonly used to treat GERD and Acid Reflux ends in -tidine | Histamine 2 Receptors Antagonists H2 Antagonists |
Competitively binds to histamine2 receptors Blocks acid secretion | MOA of H2 Antagonists |
nizatidine | Axid |
150mg, 300mg caps and tabs | Axid |
famotidine | Pepcid |
10mg, 20mg, 40mg tabs 10mg & 20mg tabs available OTC | Pepcid |
cimetidine | Tagamet |
200mg, 300mg, 400mg, 600mg, 800mg tabs | Tagamet |
ranitidine | Zantac |
75mg, 150mg, 300mg tabs Often dosed BID 75mg available OTC | Zantac |
Commonly used to treat GERD and Acid Reflux ends in -prazole | Proton Pump Inhibitors PPIs |
Decreases levels of gastric acid by interfering with final step in production of gastric acid Inhibits the proton pump | MOA of Proton Pump Inhibitors |
Often dosed 1-2 times daily | Proton Pump Inhibitors |
dexlansoprazole | Dexilant |
Delayed release capsules - 30mg, 60mg | Dexilant |
omeprazole | Losec |
10mg, 20mg, 40mg caps and tabs | Losec |
esomeprazole | Nexium |
20mg, 40mg tabs | Nexium |
pantoprazole sodium | Pantoloc |
20mg, 40mg tabs | Pantoloc |
rabeprazole | Pariet |
10mg, 20mg tabs | Pariet |
lansoprazole | Prevacid |
15mg, 30mg caps and fast tabs | Prevacid |
pantoprazole magnesium | Tecta |
40mg tabs | Tecta |
Commonly used to treat Ulcers, GERD, and Acid Reflux | Mucosal Protectants |
misoprostol | Cytotec |
Synthetic prostaglandin Stimulates production of protective mucus and bicarbonates in stomach Increases regeneration of gastric epithelial cells | MOA of Cytotec |
Avoid use in pregnancy Stimulates uterine contractions | Common Adcerse reactions of Cytotec |
100mcg, 200mcg tabs Can be dosed up to 800mcg per day Often BID-QID | misoprostol |
Take with food Avoid antacids containing magnesium | Common Auxiliary Labels for misoprostol |
sulcrafate | Sulcrate |
Binds to ulcer and from protective barrier Promotes regeneration of stomach epithelial cells | MOA of Sulcrate |
1g tabs Commonly dosed 1g QID or 2g BID 1 hr prior to meals | sulcrafate |
Take on an empty stomach | Common Auxiliary Label for Sulcrate |