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Cellular Regulation
Chapter 2, 40
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Aneurysm | A weakened area in an arterial wall |
Angiogenesis | The growth of new blood vessel branches |
Apoptosis | Cell death; cells degenerate at a specific time period with no adverse affects on the body |
Atherogenesis | Gradual and progressive development of atherosclerotic plaque within the arteries that is initiated by endothelial injury |
Atrophy | A cellular adaption in which cells revert to a smaller size in response to changes in metabolic requirements or their environment |
Benign | Not harmful in effect |
Biopsy | Extracts a cell sample from an organ or mass of tissue to allow for histological examination |
Dysplasia | Deranged cellular growth within a specific tissue, often as result of inflammation or precancerous condition |
Etiology | The original cause of a cellular alteration or disease |
Gangrene | Dead tissue that acts as medium for bacteria |
Histology | The microscopic study of tissues and cells |
Hyperplasia | The increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ |
Hypertrophy | An increase in individual cell size that results in an enlargement of functioning tissue mass |
Infarction | Ischemic necrosis; death of tissue as a consequence of prolonged ischemia |
Ischemia | Inadequate blood flow |
Malignant | Very virulent or infectious |
Metaplasia | The replacement of one cell type by another cell type |
Neoplasia | New growth usually referring to disorganized, uncoordinated, uncontrolled proliferative cell growth that is cancerous |
Oxidative Stress | An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in your body |
Pathological Hypertrophy | Occurs when there is an increase in cellular size without an increase in the supportive structures necessary for the increased metabolic needs |
Physiologic Hypertrophy | The enlarged muscle is adequately perfused and supplied with blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients due to angiogenesis |
Pathognomonic Changes | Unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes |
Cachexia | Loss of body fat and lean body mass Weakness, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, anemia |
Differentiation | Extent that neoplastic cells resemble normal cells |
Anaplasia | Total cellular disorganization, abnormal appearance, cell dysfunction |
Benign Tumor | Well-differentiated, localized, cohesive, demarcated from surrounding tissue |