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kduvall
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A broad term that includes the study of drugs and their actions in the body | pharmacology |
| The art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs for medicinal use | pharmacy |
| The science that deals with poisons-their detection and the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions caused by them | toxicology |
| Any substance used as medicine (used to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease) | drug |
| Name four things drugs include: | chemicals, plant parts or products, animal products, certain food substances |
| The combined effect of two drugs that is equal to the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone | additive effect |
| An action, usually negative, that is different from the planned effect | adverse or untoward effect |
| An untoward reaction that develops after the individual has taken a drug | allergic reaction |
| A chemical compound that resembles another in structure but has different effects | analog |
| The combined effect of two drugs that is less than the effect of either drug taken alone | antagonism |
| Formation of a chemical compound by enzymes, either within an organism (in vivo) or in vitro by fragments of cells | biosynthesis |
| A decrease in activity of cells caused by the action of a drug | depression |
| Pertaining to the art of determining the nature of a patient's disease | diagnostic |
| Abnormal sensitivity to a drug, or a reaction not intended | idiosyncrasy |
| An agent of measure that relieves symptoms | palliative |
| An effect that occurs when a drug increases or prolongs the action of another drug, the total effect being greater than the sum of the effects of each used alone | potentiation |
| An agent or measure used to prevent disease | prophylactic |
| An unpredictable effect that is not related to the main action of the drugs | side effect |
| An increase in the activity of cells produced by drugs | stimulation |
| The joint action of agents in which their combined effect is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects | synergism |
| Pertaining to treatment of disease | therapeutic |
| Increasing resistance to the usual effects of an established dosage of a drug as a result of continued use | tolerance |
| This law requires that every person who manufactures, dispenses, prescribes, or administers any controlled substance be registered annually with the Attorney General | controlled substances act |
| This is revised annually and readily supplied to all hospitals and physicians, this reference source is probably the most widely used | physicians desk reference (PDR) |
| Active pharmaceutical agents in a pressurized container | aerosols |
| Powdered drugs within a gelatin container. Liquids may be placed insoft gelatin capsules | capsules |
| Solutions containing alcohol, sugar, and water. They may or may not be aromatic and may or may not have active medicinals. Most frequently they are used as flavoring agents or solvents. | elixirs |
| Suspensions of fat globules in water(or water globules in fat) with an emulsifying agent (e.g., Haley's MO, Petrogalar) | emulsions |
| Alcoholic liquid extracts of a drug made by percolation so that 1 ml of the fluid extract contains 1 gm of the drug. Only vegetable-based drugs are used (e.g., glycyrrhiza fluid extract) | fluid extracts |
| Aqueous suspensions of insoluble drugs in hydrated form. Aluminum hydroxide gel, USP, is an example | gels |
| Mixtures of drugs with oil, soap, water, or alcohol, intended for external application with rubbing | liniments |
| Active pharmaceutical agents that are either layered in tablet form for release over several hours or placed in pellets within a capsule. They vary in size, and disintegrate within 8-24 hours | long-acting or sustained-released dosage forms |
| Aqueous preparations containing suspended materials intended for soothing, using local application | lotions |
| Mixtures of drugs with a fatty base for external application, usally by rubbing | ointments |
| Single-dose units made by mixing the powdered drug with a liquid such as a syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape. | pills |
| Single-dose quantities of a drug or mixture of drugs in powdered form wrapped seperately in powder papers | powders |
| Aqueous liquid preparation containing one or more substances completely dissolved. Every solution has two parts: the solute(the dissolved substance) and the solvent(the substance, usually a liquid, in which the solute is dissolved | solutions |
| Alcoholic solutions of volatile substances. These are also known as essences | spirits |
| Mixtures of drugs with some firm base such as cocoa butter, which can then be molded into shape for insertion into a body orifice. | suppositories |
| Name three of the most common type of suppositories: | vaginal, rectal, urethral |
| Aqueous solutions of a sugar. These may or may not have medicinal substances added | syrups |
| Single-dose units made by compressing powdered drugs in a suitable mold | tablets |
| Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from durgs | tinctures |
| Flat, round, or rectangular preparations that are held in the mouth until dissolved | troches or lozenges |
| Saturated solutions of volatile oils | waters |
| Name a solution containing alcohol: | elixirs |
| The proper amount of a medicine or agent prescribed for a given patient or condition | dosage |
| The quantity of medicine to be taken at one time or in divided amounts within a given period of time | dose |
| Name some factors influencing dosage: | age, sex, condition of patient, psychological factors, enviornmental factors, temperature, method of administration, genetic factors, weight |
| An order written by a practitioner, to be filled by a pharacist, indicating the medication needed by the patient and containing all necessary directions for the pharmacist and patient | prescription |
| The part of the prescription which gives directions to the pharmacist | subscription |
| The part of the prescription which states the name and quantities of ingredients | inscription |
| The part of the prescription which gives directions to the patient | signatura (Sig) |
| The dose of a given drug may be smaller if administered: | intravenously |
| When an individual reacts unusually to a drug, it is termed___________ | idiosyncrasy |
| A ____________ is obtained when the drug is applied in the immediate area where its effect is desired | local effect |
| To obtain __________________from a drug, it must first be absorbed into the blood and carried to the tissue or organ on which it acts; these drugs may be administered rectally, orally, sublingually, parenterally, or inhaled | systemic effects |
| This administration allows the drug to be swallowed; has the disadvantage of being slower in onset of action than parenteral administration | oral administration |
| This administration occurs when the drug is placed under the tongue, which is where is must be retained until dissolved | sublingual administration |
| This administration is intended for direct use on the respiratory tract | inhaled administration |
| This administration refers to all the ways in which drugs are administered with a needle; is the most efficient method of drug administration | parenteral administration |
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kduvall20
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