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Pharmacology
2nd Exam Drugs
| Drug Cards | |
|---|---|
| ANTIVIRAL AGENTS | Used to treat viruses other than HIV. Includes chickenpox,shingles,herpes, influenza,cytomegalovirus, RSV. |
| ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS | USED TO TREAT HIV. |
| ACYCLOVIR (ZOVIRAX) | topical, parenteral or oral agent against herpes simplex & zoster, CMV, & Epstein Barr. |
| OSELTAMIVIR (TAMIFLU) | antiviral drug used specifically for Influenza A & B.Start within 2 days of onset of symptoms.Side effects headache,vertigo,nausea, and vomiting. |
| HAART | highly active antiretroviral therapy. Combination of drug therapy. 2-3 NRTI's, 2 NRTI'S plus one protease inhibitors. NRTI plus an NNRTI one or two protease inhibitors. |
| NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTI'S) | Block the activity of the enzyme "reverse transcriptase" which helps in the synthesis of new viral molecules. |
| ZIDOVUDINE (AZT) Also called Retrovir | help to improve T-cell counts. Primary side effect is bone marrow suppression. Oral twice a day, IV. |
| PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PI'S) | Inhibit the protease retroviral enzyme. |
| INDINAVIR (Crixavan) | increase CD4 cell counts |
| FUSION INHIBITORS | suppress the fusion process where a virion is attached to the outer membran of a host T cell before entry into the cell & subsequent viral replication. |
| ENFUVIRTIDE (FUZEON) | used in combination with other agents. Injectable SQ. Causes pain at the injection site. |
| SNS SYMPATHETIC DIVISION | Preganglionic nerve releases Ach to Nicotinic receptors of postganglionic nerve which releases norephinephrine to alpha & beta receptor sites on cells of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. Fiber types Adrenergic, |
| Receptors Preganglionic-Nicotinic, Postganglionic-Alpha & Beta Chemical Messengers Preganglionic-Ach, Postganglionic-Norepinephrine, Characteristics two sets of nerves. First is short, second is long. | |
| SNS SYMPATHOADRENAL BRANCH | Preganglionic nerve releases Ach to cells in adrenal medulla which secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine into the blood stream where they are distributed to alpha & beta receptor sites on cells of the smooth muscle,cardiac muscle & glands. Fiber types |
| Adrenergic, Receptors Preganglionic-Nicotinic, Postganglionic-Alpha & Beta, Chemical messengers Preganglionic-Ach, Postganglionic-Norepinephrine, Characteristics two sets of nerves. First is short, second is long. | |
| PSNS PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION | Preganglionic nerve releases Ach to Nicotinic receptors of postganglionic nerve which releases Ach to the muscarinic receptor sites on the smooth muscle,cardiac muscle & glands.Fiber types Cholinergic. Receptors Preganglionic-Nicotinic, |
| Postganglionic-Muscarinic, Chemical messengers Preganglionic-Ach, Postganglionic-Ach Characteristics two sets of nerves. First is the long, second is the short. | |
| SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | Connections Preganglionic nerve releases Ach to nicotinic receptor sites located on skeletal muscles. Carriers Ganglions,Receptors Nicotinic, Chemicalsngers Ach, Characteristics One long preganglionic nerve commuincates with muscle. |
| INOTROPE | drug that affects cardiac contractility |
| CHROMOTROPE | drug that affects cardiac rate |
| DROMOTROPE | drug that affects speed of AV conduction |
| STIMULATE THE SNS SYMPATHOMIMETICS EPINEPHRINE | EFFECTS SNS STIMULATION ALPHA, BETA iNDICATIONS BRONCHOCONSTRICTION, ALLERGIC REACTION, CARDIAC DEPRESSION, VASODILATION-DECREASE BLOOD PRESSURE,LOCAL HEMASTATIS, SIDE EFFECTS SNS STIMULATION, ANXIETY, ANGINA, MI, PERIPHERAL ISCHEMIA OR NECROSIS. |
| CONTRAINDICATIONS HYPERTENSION, PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE, OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA, PREEXISTING CARDIAC, CNS DISEASE. IV PUMP ACCURATE TITRATION, EKG MONITOR, VITALS 3-5 MINS. | |
| STIMULATE THE SNS SYMPATHOMIMETICS NOREPINEPHRINE | Levophed SNS Stimulation without B2 effects,Indications Acute hypotension, gives you a BP, Side Effects SNS Stimulation, extravastion causes tissue necrosis. Use a big vein. Contraindications hypotension, peripheral vascular disease, open-angle glaucoma |
| preexisting cardiac or CNS disease. Given IV pump for accurate titration. EKG, vitals 3-5 minutes | |
| VASOACTIVE PRESSOR DOBUTAMINE | Primarily Beta 1 stimulation. Indications cardiac decompensation, acute hypotension.Side effects SNS stimulation, ventricular ectopy,(extra beats) increase cardiac output, angina. Contraindications hpyertension,peripheral vascular disease. |
| preexisting cardiac, CNS disease. Given IV accurate titration. EKG, vitals 3-5 minutes. | |
| Adrenergic, Receptors Preganglionic-Nicotinic, Postganglionic-Alpha,Beta Chemical Messengers Preganglionic-Ach,Postganglionic Norephinephrine & Epinephrine Characteristics One short preganglion nerve. Blood stream is a carrier. | |
| DRUGS THAT BLOCK THE PSNS PARASYMPATHOLYTICS ATROPINE SULFATE ANTICHOLINERGICS | SIDE EFFECTS BLOCKS THE ACh EFFECTS ON THE MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS TO DECREASE PSNS. INDICATIONS ASTHAMATIC BRONCHOSPASM -BRONCHODILATE. PREANESTHIA-DRY SECRETIONS.EYE EXAM TO DILATE PUPILS.ACUTE BRADYCARDIA, HEART BLOCK INCREASE HEART RATE. PEPTIC ULCER |
| DISEASE-DECREASE ACID SECRETIONS.ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING. SIDE EFFECTS MIDRIASIS,PUPILS DILATE, BRONCHODILATION WITH MUCUS PLUGS, DRY MOUTH, BLURRED VISION,URINARY RETENTION, TACHYCARDIA, CONSTIPATION.CONTRAINDICATIONS GLAUCOMA, ASTHMA,TACHYCARDIA | |
| ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, HYPOMOTILITY OF GUT,MYASTHENIA GRAVIS. ROUTE Po, IM, SQ,IV INHALED, TOPICAL. MONITOR VS,SUCK HARD CANDY,MONITOR URINE OUTPUT,SUNGLASSES,SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. | |
Created by:
Dhartman5
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