click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharmacology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Na | 135-145 |
K | 3.5-5 |
Ca | 9-10 |
Cl | 95-105 |
Mg | 1.5-2.5 |
Ph | 2.5-4.5 |
Lithium Therapeutic Drug Level | 0.5-1.5 |
Digoxin Therapeutic Drug Level | 0.5-2 |
Theophylline Therapeutic Drug Level | 10-15 |
Dilatin(Phenytoin) Therapeutic Drug Level | 10-20 |
Heparin, lab test & antidote | PTT (Protamine Sulfate) |
Coumadin, lab test & antidote | PT (Vit K) |
What do you give for Tylenol overdose? | Cetylcystine |
What kinds of food should not be given with MAOIs? | tyramine containing foods. |
What are examples of foods that contain tyramine? | Overripe or fermented foods. Avacados, bananas, fermented meats and sausages (salami), dried or cured fish, all cheese, yeast extract, beer, wine |
BEAM (B1 selective) | Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol |
When do you take proton pump inhibitors in relation to other meds and food? | Empty stomach 1 hour prior to other meds or food. |
Some examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors "zole" | Esmeprazole(Nexium), Omeprazole(Prilosec), Pantoprazole(Protonix) |
What drug is used to lower ammonia levels in the blood? | Lactulose (also used as a laxative) |
Meclizine | prevention of motion sickness and vertigo |
Scopolamine | motion sickness, nausea and vomiting after sugery |
Ondansetron(Zofran) Dolasetron(Anzemet) | N&V chemo and post op |
Short acting insulin, when is onset & peak | Regular Insulin(Humulin), (30 min)(2-4hr) (Clear) |
Rapid acting insulin, onset & Peak | Novolog, Humalog (5-15 min) (30-60 min) |
Intermediate acting insulin (long acting), onset & peak | Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) (1-2hr)(4-12hr) (Cloudy) |
Order to putting 2 types of insulin in one syringe. | Clear before Cloudy "Regular then Long" |
Metformin | Used only in Type 2 Diabetes. Only in people with good kidney function. Do not drink alcohol. SE lactic acidosis |
3 G's that lower BG | Glipizide, Glimepiride, Glyburide |
Drug used for severe hypoglycemia when IV glucose is not available | Glucagon |
Hypothyroidism | severe-myxedema children-cretism |
Drugs for Hypothyroid | Levothyroxine(T4), Liothyronine(T3), Thyroid |
Hyperthyroid | Graves Disease, Plummer's Disease |
Drugs for Hyperthyroid | Methimazole(Tapazole), Propylthiouracil(PTU) |
Which antithyroid drug is safer for woman who are pregnant or breastfeeding | PTU |
Excess glucocorticoids | Cushings, restrict Na |
Unable to make corticosteriods | Addison's |
Drugs for Addison's | (Corticosteriods) Cortisone, Hydrocortisone(drug of choice), methylprednisolone, Prednisone |
Facts for Corticosteriods | Give with food in AM, no grapefruit juice, weight gain, HYPERglycemia, immunosuppresent watch for signs of infection |
Desmopressin, Vasopressin | antidiuretic hormones, monitor edema, Na level |
Growth Hormones | Somatropin & Pegvisomant (adults only) |
How does growth hormone effect blood glucose? | GH increases blood glucose level |
Potassium sparing diuretic | Spironolactone |
What do you need to always check when giving furosemide(lasix) | K level.....Lasix can cause K level to be low |
Hydrochlorothiazide | First line drug for HTN, diuretic, use sunscreen |
3 drugs for erectile disfunction | Sildenafil(Viagra), Tadalafil(Cialis), Vardenafil(Levitra) Cause vasodilation |
Tamsilosin(Flomax) | outflow obstruction in males with BPH |
Finasteride(Propecia)(Proscar) | BPH, baldness, impotence (testosterone inhibitor) |
Calcium Acetate | Reduce Ph levels in patients with ESRD (with meals) |
What drug stimulates RBC production | Epoetin(Epogen), eat foods high in iron(meat & Eggs) do not shake vial |
Cholinergic | Parasympathetic (relax) |
Bethanechol(Urecholine) | cholinergic, urinary tract stimulant "chol" |
Tolterodine(Detrol) | anticholinergic, antispasmatic for overactive bladder |
Propofol(Diprivan) | Gen Anesth, amnesia, not pain med |
Barbituates | Pentobarbital, Secobarbital, Phenobarbital CNS depression anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic |
Benzodiazepine | antianxiety, sedative hypnotic, no grapefruit juice |
Midazolam(Versed) Alprazolam(Xanax) Diazepam(Valium) Lorazepam(Ativan) | Benzodiazepine antidote-Flumazenil |
Hypnotics used for insomnia | Zolpidem(Ambien), Eszopiclone(Lunesta), rapid onset, swallow whole. |
Levetiracetam(Keppra) | anticonvulsant |
Carbidopa/Levdopa(Sinemet) | anti-parkinson agent/dopamine agonist, dry mouth, dark urine & sweat, high protein meals affect, |
Buspirone(BuSpar) | antianxiety agent, report palpitations, chest discomfort, or faintness immediately |
SSRI | antidepressant used for depression, OCD, social phobias, bulimia, anorexia, panic disorder. Assess for suicide and chest discomfort |
Fluoxetine(Prozac) Citalopram (Celexa) Paroxetine (Paxil) Escitalopram (Lexapro) | SSRI (selective seretonin reuptake inhibitor) |
Lithium | Bipolar Disorder, do not limit Na intake, can cause weight gain & acne |
Bupropion(Wellbutrin) | antidepressant, smoking deterrent |
Sibutramine(Meridia) | Appetite suppressant |
Modafinil(Provigil) | narcolepsy, sleep apnea improves wakefullness, take in AM, no CV problems, elevate liver enzymes |
Adenosine | K channel opener, half life 1-2 sec, IV bolus as close to the heart as possible PSVT |
K channel blockers | Amiodarone Av Block, pulmonary fibrosis & Dronedarone multi channel blocker maintinence |
Na channel blockers | Quinidine Procainamide, Lidocaine |
Amlodepine & Felodepine | CCB blood vessels HTN |
Diltiazem & Verapamil | SA node and Blood vessels HTN & Dysrhythmia |
"Pril" | Ace-I cough, inc K, inc, BG, teratogenic |
"sartan" | ARB no renal artery stenosis |
Tekturna | Direct Renin Antagonist for HTN |
"statins" | CoA Reductase Inhibitors hypercholesterol, lower LDL raise HDL, lifelong |
total cholesterol | less 200 |
HDL | greater 50 |
LDL | less then 100 |
Triglycerides | less 150 |
Primary HTN (Essential) | No cause, chronic preogressive |
Secondary HTN | identifiable cause, can cure, lifestyle modifications |
Creatinine | (0.6-1.0)inc in blood stream when kidney is not working properly |
Creatinine Clearance | 24 hour urine test |
BUN | (10-20) |
Clonidine | centrally acting, make sleepy, dry mouth (A2 agonist) |
Methyldopa | A2 agonist for anxiety and HTN |
Tamsulosin | A1 Anatgonist BPH |
Prazosin, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine | A1 Antagonist |
bacteriacidal | kill bug |
bacteriastatic | inhibit synthesis and growth |
Vancomycin | nephrotoxic (check creat), need peak (1hr after med) and trough |
which cephalosporins cross the BBB | Generation 3 & 4 |
Cefatriaxone | No Ca, can cause bleeding, two diff IV sites |
Drugs for TB | Isoniazid(INH) & Rifampin |
lethargic | arousable but falling asleep |
Stuprous | pain for person to respond |
Obtunded | really have to shake to wake up |
Lithium toxicity | hyponeutremia, seizures |
when do you use valium for a seizure | when you don't know the Na level |
Dilantin(Phenytoin) | Discolors urine, gingival hyperplasia |
WBC | 3.1-11.8 |
HGB | 12-17 |
HCT | 36-51 |