Question | Answer |
acr/o | extremities |
adren/o | adrenal glands |
adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
andr/o | male |
calc/o | calcium |
crin/o | secrete |
estr/o | female |
glyc/o | sugar |
glycos/o | sugar |
gonad/o | sex glands |
home/o | sameness |
kal/i | potassium |
natr/o | sodium |
ophthalm/o | eye |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland |
pineal | pineal gland |
pituitar/o | pituitary gland |
thym/o | thymus |
thyr/o | thyroid gland |
thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
toxic/o | poison |
-crine | to secrete |
-dipsia | thirst |
-prandial | pertaining to a meal |
-tropin | stimulate |
Reproductive sex cells | gamates |
Insulin is produced by | beta islet cells |
secretes glucagon, which stimulates the liver to release glucose | alpha islet cells |
ACTH | adrenocorticotropin hormone |
ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
BMR | basal metabolic rate |
DI | diabetes insipidus |
DM | diabetes mellitus |
FBS | fasting blood sugar |
FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
GH | growth hormone |
GTT | glucose tolerance test |
IDDM | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
K+ | potassium |
LH | luteinizing hormone |
MSH | melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
Na+ | sodium |
NIDDM | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
NPH | neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin) |
PBI | protein-bound iodine |
PRL | prolactin |
PTH | parathyroid hormone |
RAI | radioactive iodine |
RIA | radioimmunoassay |
T3 | triiodothyronine |
T4 | thyroxine |
TFT | thyroid function test |
TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids; i.e. diabetic acidosis |
edema | excessive amount of fluid |
endocrinology | branch of medicine diagnosing and treating conditions and diseases of the endocrine system |
gynecomastia | breast tissue in males |
hirsutism | excessive hair |
hypersecretion | excessive hormone production by endocrine gland |
hyposecretion | deficient hormone production by endocrine gland |
syndrome | group of symptoms and signs that, when combined, present a clinical picture of a disease or condition |
addison's disease | deficiency in adrenocortical hormones. increased pigmentation of skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss |
adrenal feminization | breast in men/increased estrogen by adrenal cortex |
adrenal virilism | male secondary sexual characteristics in females/ increased androgen secretion by adrenal cortex |
cushing's syndrome | hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex. may be a result of tumor. weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis |
diabetes mellitus (DM) | chronic disorder of carb metabolism/ hyperglycemia & glycosuria
2 forms; diabetes mellitus(type 1): insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(type 2) (NIDDM) |
diabetic retinopathy | secondary complication of diabetes; affects blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual change or blindness |
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | type 1 develops early in life when pancreas stops insulin production. patient must take daily insulin |
insulinoma | tumor of the islets of langerhans cells of the pancreas, that secretes an excessive amount of insulin |
ketoacidosis | due to an excess of acidic ketone bodies(waste products) serious condition requiring immediate treatment ; can lead to death |
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | type 2 later in life; pancreas produces, but cells don't respond properly; may have to take insulin |
peripheral neuropathy | damage to nerves in lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes mellitus, extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling |
tetany | nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia; Hypoparathyroidism is on cause of tetany |
Recklinghausen disease | excessive production of parathyroid hormone, which results in degeneration of the bones |
acromegaly | enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities |
diabetes insipidus (DI) | inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. may be polyuria and polydipsia |
dwarfism/gigantism | insufficient growth hormone/ excessive growth hormone |
panhypopituitarism | deficiency in all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland |
cretinism | congenital condition; lack of thyroid hormones my result in arrested physical and mental development |
goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
Grave's disease | overactivity of thyroid gland can be crisis situation; symptoms exophthalmos and goiter; A type of hyperthyroidism |
Hashimoto's disease | chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hypo secretion of thyroid hormones |
myxedema | hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in an adult; symptoms anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental lethargy |
thyrotoxicosis | marked overproduction of the thyroid gland; symptoms rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss |
adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor in a gland that is capable of producing the hormones secreted by that gland |
Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | amount of sugar circulating throughout the body after 12 hr fast |
Glucose tolerance test (GTT) | determine blood sugar level |
Protein Bound Iodine Test (PBI) | get concentration of thyroxine (T4) |
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) | levels of hormones in the plasma |
Thyroid function test (TFT) | measures thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone |