Question | Answer |
Topographic Map shows what | topographic maps characterize and show areas of the Earth's shape by displaying contour lines and symbols. |
3 types of landforms | Mountain, hill and plateau |
Rocky mountains- high or low, relief and elevation- | Both high relief and high elevation |
Contour interval | the interval between contour lines on a map, or the altitude the interval represents |
Streak | a long thin stripe or band that is a different color from its background or surroundings |
gemstone | a mineral or stone suitable for use in jewelry after cutting and polishing |
crystal | a solid containing an internal pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions that is regular, repeated, and geometrically arranged |
alloy | a substance that is a mixture of two or more metals, or of a metal with a nonmetallic material |
cleavage | the splitting of minerals or rocks along natural planes of weakness determined by their internal crystal lattice. |
Compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of elements in fixed proportions |
Size of crystals | magma cooling fast or slow |
Hardest mineral | diamond |
the 5 characteristics a substance mush have to be a mineral | Naturally occurring, solid,forms by inorganic processes, crystal structure, definite chemical composition |
Igneous rocks | rocks formed under conditions of intense heat or produced by solidification of volcanic magma on or below the earth's surface |
Most abundant intrusive rock | granite |
Geologist describe rock's texture | coarse or fine grained |
Metamorphic rock | relating to or involving a change in physical form appearence or character |
Rock cycle | the phases a rock goes through |
Order of Earth's layer | inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust |
Alfred Wegner's hupothesis of continental drift | There was once a super contitnent called pangea |
Subduction | to be carried under the edge of an adjoining continental or oceanic plate causing tension int he Earth's crust that can produce earthquakes or volcanic eruptions |
Theory of Plate tectonics | The continents are always moving |
Where do you find most mid-ocean ridges | in the Pacific Ocean |
P wave | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
S wave | a type of seismic wave in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave |
Seismograph | an instrument that detects the presence of an earthquake and measures and records its magnitude |
stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
Where do volcanic belts form | Arund earth's boundarys |
Viscosity of magma depends on what 2 things | Temperature and pressure |
Cinder cone volcano | material that build aroung the vent in a steep cone shaped hill or small mountain |
Compsoite volcano | are tall cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layer of ash |
Shield volcanos | such lava flows slowly build a wide gently sloping mountain |
Lava plateaus | The thin runny lava floods the area and travels far before cooling and solidifying, after millions of years repeated floods of lava can form high level plateaus |
Active volcano | can erupt at any time |
extinct | never will erupt again |
dormant volcano | sleeping but can become active |
concentration | the removal of water from something usually a liquid to make it thicker or stronger |
potential energy | the energy that a body or system has stored because of its position in a electrical magnetic or gravitational field, or because of its configuration |
kinetic energy | the energy that a body or systen has becaus of its motion |
hardness | the test to tell you how hard a rock is |
ph scale | measures how acidic or basic a substance is |
Steps in water treatment | screening,pumping,and aerating |
Salinity of water | how much salt is in the water |
What happens to temperature as you descend through the water column | it gets colder and colder |
wavelength | in physics the distance between two points on adjacent waves that have the same phase |
trough | narrow channel, gully, or gutter in which liquid passes especially one under the eaves of a roof for catching rainwater |
neap tide | , a tide that shows the least range between high and low and occurs twice a month between the first and third quarters of the moon |
spring tide | a tide that occurs near the time of the new moon and full moon and has a greater than adverage ranger |
longshore drift | the gradual movement of material along a coast caused by the action of waves having a component of motion parallel to the coaste |
size of wave is affected by 3 thing | wind,tempurature,and moon cycle |
Wave near shore | when a wave gets o shore it reseeds and then comes back bigger |
What need for algae to grow in thee ocean water | shallow water and a lot of sun |
Trench | a long narrow valley on an ocean or seafloor |
Benthos | the animals and plants that live on or in the sediment at the bottom of a sea, lake, or deep river |
Nekton | An orgamism such as a fish that lives in water and can actively swim against currents as opposed to microorganisms that are simply carried along |
Intertidal zone | occurring within or forming the area between the high and low tide levels in a coastal zone |
Hydrothermanl vent | small hill like object that shoot out super hot gasses located at the bottom of the ocean nearing a volcanoe |
kelp forests grow | deep under the wate and grow up towards the sun. |
Characteristics of twilight and midnight zone | the twilight zone has little light but the midnight zone has no light at all. |
fluorescence | the emission of electromanetic radiation especially light by an object or substance exposed to radiation or bombarding particles |
bioluminescence | the generaltion and emission of light by organisms such as fireflies some bacteria and fungi and many animals that live in the ocean |
chemiluminescence | emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction without producing heat |
Order of planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupitor, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto |
CORE | The central or most important part of the sun |
Radiation zone | energy emitted from a source in the form of rays or waves |
convection zone | a layer of a star across which energy is transported outward mainly by convection currents |
Sunspot | any of the relatively cool dark patches that appear in cycles on the Sun's surface into interplanetary space |
Solar flares | a brief sudden eruption of high energy hydrogen gas from the surface of the sun associated with sunspots |
solar winds | the flow of high-speed ionized particles from the Sun's surface into interplanetary space |
meteors | a mass of rock from space that burns up after entering Earth's atmosphere |
Meteoroids | a mass of rock in space often a remnant of a comet that becomes a meteor when it enters the Earth's atmosphere and a meteorite when it falls to Earth |
Meteorites | a piece of rock that has reached Earth from outer space |
Comet | an astronomical object that is composed of a mass of ice and dust and has a long luminous tail produce by vaporization when its orbit passes clise to the sun. |
Stars are made of what | and array of different gasses |
Spiral galaxy | a galaxy consisting of an older central nucleus of stars from which extend two spiral arms of gas dust and newer stars |
Barrel spiral galaxies | close to a spiral but this one has a ling line through it |
Elliptical galaxy | a galaxy with an overall elliptical or spherical shape and no arms or internal structure |
Irregular galaxy | a galaxy that has none of the same characteristics of other galaxies |