Question | Answer |
Identity | the reflective self-conception or self-image that we each derive from family, gender, cultural, ethnic, and individual socialization processes |
Social Identities | include cultural or ethnic membership, gender, sexual orientation, social class, religious affiliation, age, disability, or professional identity |
Personal Identities | include any unique attributes that we associate with our individuated self in comparison with those of others |
Traditional Family | consists of a husband-wife, father-mother pair with a child or children, a father working outside the home, and a homemaker-mother |
Extended Family | consists of extended kinship groups, such as grandparents, aunt and uncles, cousins, and nieces and nephews |
Blended Family | refers to the merging of different family systems from previous marriages |
Single-Parent Family | refers to a household headed by a single parent |
Personal Family System | include the emphasis on personal, individualized meanings, negotiable roles between parents and child(ren) and the emphasis on interactive discussions within the family |
Positional Family System | emphasizes communal meanings, ascribed roles and statuses between parents and child, and family rule conformity |
Acculturation | the degree of identity change that occurs when an individual moves from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one |
Enculturation | refers to the sustained, primary socialization process of strangers in their original home culture wherein they have internalized their primary cultural values |
Social Identities | consist of cultural or ethnic membership identity, gender identity, sexual orientation identity, social class identity, age identity, disability identity, or professional identity |
Co-Culture Theory | refers to "minority" group members such as African American, Asian American, Hispanic American, and Native American groups on equal memberships with the dominant white group |
Cultural Identity | the emotional significance that we attach to our sense of belonging or affiliation with the large culture |
Cultural Identity Saliance | the strength of affiliation we have with our larger culture |
Ethnic Identity | "inherently a matter of ancestry, of beliefs about the origins of one's forebears" |
Ethnic-Oriented Identity | individuals emphasize the value of retaining their ethnic culture and avoid interacting with the dominant group |
Assimilated Identity | individuals who identify weakly with their ethnic traditions and value while identifying strongly with the values and norms of the larger culture |
Bicultural Identity | individuals who identity strongly with ethnic tradition maintenance, and at the same time incorporate values and practices of the larger society |
Marginal Identity | individuals who identify weakly with their ethnic traditions and also weakly with the larger cultural worldviews |
The Pre-Encounter Stage | the high cultural identity salience phase wherein ethnic minority group members' self-concepts are influenced by the values and norms of the larger culture |
The Encounter Stage | the marginal identity phase, in which a new racial-ethnic realization is awakened in the individuals because of a "racially shattering" event and minority group members realize that they cannot be fully be accepted as part of the "white world" |
The Immersion-Emersion Stage | the strong racial-ethnic identity salience phase, in which individuals withdraw to the safe confines of their own racial-ethnic groups and become ethnically conscious |
The Internalization-Commitment Stage | the phase in which individuals develop a secure racial-ethnic identity that is internally defined and at the same time are able to establish genuine interpersonal contacts with members of the dominant group and other multiracial groups |
Intersection Pattern | refers to a compound identity in which two social membership categories can be crossed to forma a singular, unique social identity |
Dominance Pattern | means the individual adopts one major social identity and other social membership categories are subordinated or embedded underneath the dominant professional role identity |
Compartmentalization Pattern | refers to how one social identity category serves as the primary basis of identification in a particular setting and a gear shift occurs to another primary identity persona in a different context |
Merger Pattern | means the awareness of crosscutting social identity memberships in selves and recognizing multiple groups as significant others who share some aspects of this complex, social identity self |