Question | Answer |
heart rate | beats from heart per minute (BPM) |
stroke volume | blood pumped from heart per beat |
cardiac output | blood pumped from heart per minute |
What determines cardiac output amount? | how intense the exercise is.
5l at rest
40l high intesity |
Equation for cardiac output? | SV X HR
(Stroke volume X heart rate) |
another word for short term effects? | acute |
another term for long term effects? | chronic |
tidal volume | volume of air inhaled and exhaled each breath |
vital capacity | max breath in and out with forced exhalation |
minute volume | volume of air in and out in 1 minute |
thermoregulation | ability for an organism to keep its body temp. |
plasma | gets rid of waste (CO2) |
platelets | protects us when injured (scabs) |
red blood cells | carry oxygenated/deoxgenated blood around the body |
white blood cells | fights diseases |
ATP/ADP/CP | adenosine tri phosphate/ adenosine di phosphate/ creatine phosphate |
what does the breakdown of ATP do? | releases energy in the mitochondria of the human cells |
how long does ATP-PC last for? | 10 secs, runs out quickly |
how intense should exercise be for ATP-PC? | Very high.. usually explosive, shot put |
how long does ATP-PC take to recover? | 3 mins |
why is the lactic acid system used? | when oxygen is unavailable, anaerobic exercise is taken over, uses lots of energy from stored glycogen which is broken down |
how long does the lactic acid system last? | 45 secs |
specific sport for lactic acid system? | 200- 800 metres |
what do we mean when fatigued after lactic acid buld up? | lactic acid produces no further energy production, basically telling us we cannot go on any longer. pyruvic acid changes into lactic acid, it is usually removed when O2 is available |
how long to it take for lactic acid to be removed? | 20-60 minutes |
what is aerobic exercise? | muscles work when O2 is available |
what happens to pyruvic acid in aerobic respiration? | it is turned into energy after being broken down by glycogen, and instead of turning in to lactic acid |
how long does aerobic energy last? | 3+ minutes, can last forever if used in a specific effort percentage |
sports usually use aerobic energy? | marathon runners, cyclists |