Question | Answer |
What do Muscles do | They are composed of contractile cells or fibers.They provide movement,contribute to posture,produce body heat& act as a protective covering for internal organs. |
What does Fleshy attachment mean | Muscle fibers arise directly from bone. These fibers distribute force over wide areas, but are weaker than a fibrous attachment. |
What is a fibrous attachment | Connective tissue that converges at the end of the muscle to become continuous&distinguishable from the periosteum. |
What is it called when connective tissue fibers form a cord or strap | a Tendon |
What is a ligament | A flexible band of fibrous tissue that is highly adapted for resisting strains. A principal mechanical factor that holds bones close together in a synovial joint. |
Bones serve as a what | A storehouse for minerals, particularly phosphorus & calcium. |
Somewhat cube shaped, consist of a core spongy bone | Short bones or Cancellous bone (Ex. ankle bones,wrists, and toes) |
Bones that cannot be classified as short or long bones because of their complex shapes | Irregular bones. (Ex. vertebrae & the bones of the middle ear) |
Bones that provide broad surfaces for musclar attachment or protection for internal organs | Flat bones. (Ex. Bones of the Skull, Should blades, & Sternum) |
Found in the appendages(Extremities) of the body, such as legs, arms, & fingers | Long bones.(Parts of the long bones);Diaphysis,the shaft or long main portion which consists of 2compact bones surrounding the medullary cavity.Distal&proximal epiphysis are the 2ends of the bones covered w.articular cartilage&a spongy bone chamber.P |
Found in the appendages continued.. | Periosteum is a dense, white, fibrous membrane that covers the remaining surface of the bone. |
The skeletal system of a human adult consists of how many individual bones | 206. |
What is the Axial Skeleton divided into | 3 major regions; Skull, Rib Cage & Vertebral Column. Provides protection for internal organs. |
How many bones does the Cranium have | 8. The Frontal bone, Parietal bone, Coronal suture,Occipital bone, 2Temporal bones,Sphenoid bone & the ethmoid bone |
ankyl/o | Stiffness;Bent;Crooked |
arthr/o | Joint |
kyph/o | Humpback |
lamin/o | Lamina(part of vertabral arch) |
lord/o | Curve,Swayback |
myel/o | Bone Marrow;Spinal Cord |
orth/o | Straight |
oste/o | Bone |
ped/o | Foot |
Scol/io | Crooked,Bent |
Thorac/o | Chest |
acromi/o | Acromion(projection of scapula) |
brachi/o | Arm |
calcane/o | Calcaneum (heel bone) |
carp/o | Carpus (wrist bone) |
cephal/o | Head |
cervic/o | Neck |
clavicul/o | Clavicle (collar bone) |
cost/o | Ribs |
crani/o | Cranium (skull) |
dactyl/o | Fingers;Toes |
femor/o | Femur (thigh bone) |
fibul/o | Fibula (smaller bone of lower leg) |
humer/o | Humerus (upper arm bone) |
ili/o | Ilium (lateral,flaring portion of hip bone) |
ishi/o | Ischium (lower portion of hip bone) |
lumb/o | Loins (lower back) |
metacarp/o | Metacarpus (hand bones) |
metatars/o | Metatarus (foot bones) |
patell/o | Patella (kneecap) |
pelv/i | Pelvis |
pelv/o | Pelvis |
phalang/o | Phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes) |
pod/o | Foot |
pub/o | Pelvis bone (anterior part of pelvic bone) |
radi/o | Radius (lower arm bone on thumb side) |
spondyl/o | Vertebrae (backbone) |
vertebr/o | Vertebrae (backbone) |
stern/o | Sternum (breastbone) |
tibi/o | Tibia (larger bone of lower leg) |
leiomy/o | Smooth muscle (visceral) |
muscul/o | Muscle |
my/o | Muscle |
rhabd/o | Rod-shaped (striated) |
rhabdomy/o | Rod-shaped (striated) Muscle |
chondr/o | Cartilage |
fasci/o | Band, Fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and seperating muscles) |
fibr/o | Fibrous tissue |
synov/o | Synovial membrane, Synovial fluid |
ten/o | Tendon |
tend/o | Tendon |
tendin/o | Tendon |
-asthenia | Weakness, Debility |
-blast | Embryonic cell |
-clasia | To break; Surgical Fracture |
-clast | To break |
-desis | Binding, Fixation (of a bone or joint) |
-malacia | Softening |
-physis | Growth |
-porosis | Porous |
-scopy | Visual examination |
a- | Without, not |
dys- | Bad, Painful, Difficult |
sub- | Under, Below |
supra- | Above, Excessive, Superior |
syn- | Union, Joined, Together |
Ankylosis | Stiffening & immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion |
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) | Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel |
Claudication | Lameness, Limping |
Contracture | Fibrosis of connective tissue in the ski, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
Crepitation | Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction |
Electromyography | Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction |
Exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms |
Ganglion Cyst | Tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist |
Hemarthrosis | Effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
Hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
Multiple Myeloma | Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow |
Osteophyte | Bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called 'bone spur' |
Phantom Limb | Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists |
Prosthesis | Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity |
Rickets | Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called 'rachitis' |
Sequestrum | Fragment of necrosed bone that has become seperated from surrounding tissue |
Spondylolisthesis | Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it |
Spondylosis | Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues |
Sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete |
Subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation |
Talipes Equinovarus | Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called 'clubfoot' |
ACL | Anterior Cruciate Ligament |
AE | Above the Elbow |
AK | Above the Knee |
BE | Below the Elbow |
BK | Below the Knee |
C1, C2, & so on | Firt Cervical vertebra, Second Cervical vertebra, ect. |
Ca | Calcium;Cancer |
CDH | Congenital Dislocation of the Hip |
CTS | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
CT | Computed Tomography |
DEXA, DXA | Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry |
DJD | Degenerative Joint Disease |
EMG | Electromyography |
MS | Musculoskeletal |
Fx | Fracture |
NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
MG | Myasthenia Gravis |
ORTH, ortho | Orthopedics |
P | Phosphorus |
HD | Hip Disarticulation |
HNP | Herniated Nucleus Pulposus |
PCL | Posterior Cruciate Ligament |
HP | Hemipelvectomy |
RA | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
RF | Rheumatoid Factor |
IS | Intracostal Space |
ROM | Range Of Motion |
SD | Shoulder Disarticulation |
THA | Total Hip Arthroplasty |
IM | Intramuscular |
IV | Intravenous |
KD | Knee Disarticulation |
THR | Total Hip Replacement |
TKA | Total Knee Arthroplasty |
TKR | Total Knee Replacement |
TRAM | Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle |
MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
MG | Myasthenia Gravis |
LS | Lumbosacral Spine |
L1, L2, and so on | First Lumbar vertebra, Second Lumbar vertebra, etc., |
Antagonist | Muscle that relaxes to allow movement |
Arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space using a needle |
BMD | Radiographic test to measure bone density |
Hypotonia | Diminished resistance to passive stretching |
Laminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra |
Myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord using contrast medium |
Open Reduction | repair of a fracture with insertion of screw |
Pubis | Third portion of hip bone; in fron of bladder |
Strain | Muscular injury resulting from exerting physical force |
Sternum | Breast Bone |
Abduction | Moves away from the midline |
Supination | Turns the palm up |
Adduction | Moves closer to the midline |
Appendage | Any body part attached to a main structure |
Dorsiflexion | Elevates the foot |
Extension | Increases the angle of a joint |
Flexion | Decreases the angle of a joint |
Hematopoiesis | Development of blood cells |
Inversion | Moves the sole of the foot inward |
Kyphosis | Humpback |
Lordosis | Swayback |
Plantar Flexion | Lowers the foot (points the toes) |
Pronation | Turns the palm down |
Scoliosis | Abnormal rounded curvature |
Supination | Turns the palm up |