Question | Answer |
Define Nutrition. | The science of foods, their substances, and how they are used by the body. |
Define Undernutrition. | Failing health from longstanding poor dietary intake. |
Define RDA. | Recommended Dietary Allowance - Intakes of nutrients that fit the needs of almost all people of similar age/gender. |
Define AI. | Adequate Intake - Established amount less firmly believed to be adequate for everyone. |
Define UL. | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels - Highest level of daily consumption that has no side effects. |
Define DV. | Daily Value - Standard nutrient intake values. |
Define Calorie. | Energy needed to increase 1 litre of water by 1 degree celsius. |
Sources of credible nutritional information: | - Government health agencies
- Reputable consumer groups
- Registered Dietician |
List 6 components of a research article: | 1. Abstract
2. Background
3. Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. References |
Name 3 immune system organs: | 1. Liver
2. Lymph nodes
3. Thymus |
Name 3 immune system cells: | 1. Phagocytic
2. B-cell Lymphocytes
3. T-cell Lymphocytes |
Name 6 classes of nutrients: | 1. Fats
2. Proteins
3. CHO
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water |
List 4 energy-yielding nutrients: | 1. Protein
2. CHO
3. Fats
4. Alcohol |
Name 2 inorganic nutrients: | Water and minerals |
Name 4 organic nutrients: | 1. Fats
2. Proteins
3. CHO
4. Vitamins |
List 4 macronutrients: | 1. Water
2. Cho
3. Proteins
4. Fats |
List 2 micronutrients: | Vitamins and minerals |
What are the elements of CHO? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
What is the function of CHO? | Energy |
What are sources of CHO? | Grains and legumes |
What are the elements of fats? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
What are the functions of fats? | Energy, hormones, cell membranes, insulation, etc. |
What are sources of fats? | Oils, animal products, and nuts |
What are the elements of protein? | Carbon, Hyrdogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen |
What are the functions of proteins? | Energy, muscles, enzymes, antibodies, etc. |
What are sources of protein? | Legumes, grains, and animal products |
What are the elements of vitamins? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and some Nitrogen and minerals |
What are the functions of vitamins? | Co-enzymes, antioxidants, and hormones |
What are sources of vitamins? | All foods |
What are the elements of water? | Hydrogen and Oxygen |
What are the functions of water? | Transport nutrients, waste removal, body temperature, lubricant, and chemical reactions |
What are sources of water? | Water, other drinks, fruits and veggies |
What are the elements of minerals? | The elements themselves |
What are the functions of minerals? | Co-enzymes, chemical reactions, bone/teeth strength, blood clotting, oxidation/reduction |
What are sources of minerals? | All foods |
Name 8 functional units of the body: | 1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Liver
5. Pancreas
6. Small intestine
7. Large intestine
8. Anus |
Define Tissue. | Groups of similar cells working together to perform a similar task. |
Define Organ. | Group of tissues that perform a specific function. |
Define Cell. | The living basis for plant and animal organization. |
Define Epithelial Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Cells that cover the inside and outside of the body's surface.
Functions - Absorb nutrients, secrete important substances, and remove waste |
Define Connective Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Supports and protects body via structures.
Functions - Stores fat, produces blood cells |
Define Muscle Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Relaxes and contracts
Functions - Permits movement |
Define Nervous Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Found in brain and spinal cord
Functions - Transmits nerve impulses |
Define Sickle Cell Anemia. | Genetic disease that creates incorrect red blood cells. |
What nutrients should vegetarians focus on? | Proteins, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. |
Define lipoprotein. | Compound in blood containing core of fat and shell of protein, phospholipids, and cholesterol. |
Define Lipoprotein Lipase. | Enzyme attached to Endothelial cells. |
Define Hydrolsis. | When a compound is broken down by water. |
Define Condensation. | A bond is formed between two molecules by eliminating a smaller molecule. |
What are the 3 forms of Motility? | 1. Peristaltic waves
2. Segmentation
3. Sphincters |
Define Peristaltic Waves. | Wave-like muscle contractions that pushes food down the GI tracts for digestion and then absorption. |
Define Segmentation. | Mixing motion over length of digestive tract. |
Define Sphincters. | Circular muscles that relax and contract to control flow. |
List 3 forms of Absorption. | 1. Passive
2. Facilitated
3. Active |
Define Passive Diffusion. | Material moves from high concentrated to low concentrated area. |
Define Facilitate Diffusion. | Passive transport via integral proteins. |
Define Active Transport. | Movement of substance against its concentration gradient. |
List factors that predict heart disease. | -Diet
-Weight
-Exercise
-Age
-Genetics
-Gender
-Blood Pressure |
List effects of low protein intake. | -Weight loss
-Muscle and fat loss
-Growth impairment
-Fatty liver |
What are 2 complex CHO? | Starch and Glycogen |
What are 2 simple CHO? | -Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides |
List 3 classifications of Monoaccharides. | 1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose |
List 3 classifications of Disaccharides. | 1. Maltose
2. Lactose
3. Sucrose |
What is the cause of Ketosis? | Incomplete fatty acid oxidation forms too many keytone bodies. |
Define Hydrogenation. | Addition of Hydrogen to a carbon-carbon bond. |
Define Hepatic Portal Vein. | Vein that drains the liver. |
Define Enterohepatic Circulation. | Recycling of compounds between small intenstine and liver. |
List 3 categories of fats. | 1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Sterols |
List 3 groups of protein quality. | Complete - animal
Incomplete - plant
Complementary - combined plants |