Question | Answer |
-ia | condition of |
-ism | condition of |
-sis (-osis, -iasis, -esis, -asis) | condition of |
-y | condition of |
-ian | Specialist in field of |
-atrics | Medical Specilty |
-iatry | Medical Specilty |
-ics | Medical Specilty |
-ist | Specialist in field of |
-logy | study of |
-ac | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-al | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ar | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ary | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-form | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ic | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ical (ic + al) | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ile | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-oid | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ory | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ous | pertaining to, like, resembling |
-ase | enzyme |
-ose | sugar |
-algia, -algesia | pain |
-cele | hernia, localized dilation |
-clasis, -clasia | breaking |
-itis | inflammation |
-megaly | enlargement |
-odynia | pain |
-oma* | tumor |
-pathy | any disease of |
-rhage, -rhagia* | bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage |
-rhea | flow, discharge |
-rhexis | rupture |
-schisis | fissure, splitting |
dilation*, dilatation* | expansion, widening;
may refer to treatment |
ectasia, ectasis | dilation, dilatation, distension |
edema | accumulation of fluid, swelling |
lysis* | separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction;
may refer to treatment |
malacia | softening |
necrosis | death of tissue |
ptosis | dropping, downward displacement, prolapse |
sclerosis | hardening |
spasm | sudden contraction, cramp |
stasis* | suppression, stoppage;
may refer to treatment |
stenosis | narrowing, constriction |
toxin | poison |
-graph | instrument for recording data |
-graphy | act of recording data; also evaluation & interpretation |
-gram | a record of data |
-meter | instrument for measuring |
-metry | measurement of |
-scope | instrument for viewing or examining |
-scopy | examination of |
-centesis | puncture, tap |
-desis | binding, fusion |
-ectomy | excision, surgical removal |
-pexy | surgical fixation |
-plasty | plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction |
-rhaphy | surgical repair, suture |
-stomy | surgical creation of an opening |
-tome | instrument of incising (cutting) |
-tomy | incision, cutting |
-tripsy | crushing |
-lytic | dissolving, reducing, loosening |
-mimetic | mimicking, simulating |
-tropic | acting on |
-emia*, -hemia | condition of blood; shortened form of hem+ia |
-penia | decrease in, deficiency of |
-poiesis | formation, production |
-pnea | breathing |
-oxia* | level of oxygen;
*blood O2 use -emia |
-capnia* | level of carbon dioxide;
*blood CO2 use -emia |
-phonia | voice |
prim/i- | first |
mon/o- | one |
uni- | one |
hemi- | half; one side |
semi- | half; partial |
di- | two, twice |
dipl/o- | double |
tri- | three |
quadr/i- | four |
tetra- | four |
multi- | many |
poly- | many, much |
cyan/o- | blue |
erythr/o- | red |
leuk/o- | white, colourless |
melan/o- | black, dark |
xanth/o- | yellow |
a-, an- | not, without, lack of, abscence |
anti- | against |
contra- | against, opposite |
de- | down, without, removal, loss |
dis- | abscence, removal, separation |
in-*,
im- (used before b, m, p) | not |
non- | not |
un- | not |
ab- | away from |
ad- | toward; near |
dia- | through |
per- | through |
trans- | through |
hyper- | over, excess, abnormally high, increased |
hypo-* | under, below, abnormally low, decreased;
*show position |
olig/o- | few, scanty |
pan- | all |
super-* | above, excess;
*show position |
equi- | equal, same |
eu- | true, good, easy, normal |
hetero- | other, different, unequal |
homo-, homeo- | same, unchanging |
iso- | equal, same |
macro- | large, abnormall large |
mega-*, megalo- | large; abnormally large;
*million |
micro-* | small; *1 millionth |
neo- | new |
normo- | normal |
ortho- | straight, correct, upright |
poikilo- | varied, irregular |
pseudo- | false |
re- | again, back |
ante- | before |
pre- | before, in front of |
pro- | before, in front of |
post- | after, behind |
dextr/o- | right |
sinistr/o- | left |
ec-, ecto- | out; ouside |
ex/o- | away from; outside |
end/o- | in; within |
mes/o- | middle |
syn-, sym- (before b, m, p) | together |
tel/e-, tel/o- | end |
circum- | around |
peri- | around |
intra- | in, within |
epi- | on, over |
extra- | outside |
infra-* | below
*also degree |
sub-* | below, under;
*also degree |
inter- | between |
juxta- | near, before |
para- | near, beside |
retro- | behind, backward |
supra- | above |
brady- | slow |
dys | abnormal, painful, difficult |
mal- | bad,poor |
pachy- | thick |
tachy- | rapid |
xero- | dry |
staphyl/o- | grapelike cluster |
strept/o- | twisted chain |
anit- | against |
contra- | against, oppose |
counter- | opposite, against |
morph/o | form |
cyt/o, -cyte | cell |
nucle/o | nucleus |
kary/o | nucleus |
hist/o | tissue |
fibr/o | fibre |
reticul/o | network |
aden/o | gland |
papill/o | nipple |
myx/o | mucus |
muc/o | mucus, mucous membrane |
somat/o, -some | body, small body |
blast/o, -blast | immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell |
gen | origin, formation |
phag/o | eat, ingest |
phil | attract, absorb |
plas | formation, moulding, development |
trop | act on, affect |
troph/o | feeding, growth, nourishment |
hydr/o | water, fluid |
gluc/o | glucose |
glyc/o | sugar, glucose |
sacchar/o | sugar |
amyl/o | starch |
lip/o | lipid, fat |
adip/o | fat |
steat/o | fatty |
prote/o | protein |
cephal/o | head |
cervic/o | neck |
thorac/o | chest, thorax |
abdomin/o | abdomen |
celi/o | abdomen |
lapar/o | abdominal wall |
lumb/o | lumbar region, lower back |
periton, peritone/o | peritoneum |
acro | extremity, end |
brachi/o | arm |
dactyl/o | finger, toe |
ped/o | foot |
pod/o | foot |
alg/o, algi/o, angesi/o | pain |
carcin/o | cancer, carcinomacarcinoid - resembling carcinoma |
cyst/o, cyst/i | filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder |
lith | calculus, stone |
onc/o | tumor |
path/o | disease |
py/o | pus |
pyro/o, pyret/o | fever, fire |
scler/o | hard, scleara (of eye) |
tox/o, toxic/o | poison |
bacill/i, bacill/o | bacillus |
baceri/o | bacterium |
myc/o | fungus, mold |
vir/o | virus |
aer/o | air, gas |
bar/o | pressure |
chrom/o, chromat/o | colour, stain |
chron/o | time |
cry/o | cold |
electro/o | electricity |
erg/o | work |
phon/o | sound, light |
phot/o | light |
radi/o | radiation, x-ray |
son/o | sound |
therm/o | heat, temperature |
alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o | pain |
chem/o | chemcial |
hypn/o | sleep |
narc/o | stupor |
pharm, pharmac/o | drug, medicine |
pyr/o, pyret/o | fever |
tox/o, toxic/o | poison, toxin |
vas/o | vessel |
cardi/o | heart |
atri/o | atrium |
ventricul/o | cavity, ventricle |
valv/o, valvul/o | valve |
angi/o* | vessel; usually blood vessels |
vas/o, vascul/o | vessel, duct |
arter/o, arteri/o | artery |
arteriol/o | arteriole |
aort/o | aorta |
ven/o, ven/i | vein |
phleb/o | vein |
lymph/o | lymph, lymphatic system |
lymphaden/o | lymph node |
lymphangi/o | lymphatic vessel |
splen/o | speen |
thym/o | thymus gland |
tonsill/o | tonsil |
myel/o | bone marrow |
hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
erythr/o, erythrocyt/o | red blood cell |
leuk/o, leukocyt/o | white blood cell |
lymph/o, lymphocyt/o | lymphocyte |
thromb/o | blood clot |
thrombocyt/o | platelet, thrombocyte |
immun/o | immunity, immune system |
azot/o | nitrogenous compounds |
calc/i | calcium |
ferr/o, ferr/i | iron |
sider/o | iron |
kali | potassium |
natri | sodium |
ox/y | oxygen |
nas/o | nose |
rhin/o | nose |
pharyng/o | pharynx |
laryng/o | larynx |
trache/o | tachea |
bronch/o, bronch/i | bronchus |
bronchiol | bronchiole |
phren/o | diaphragm |
phrenic/o | phrenic, nerbe |
pleur/o | pleura |
pulm/o, pulmon/o | lungs |
pneumon/o | lung |
pneum/o, pneumat/o | air, gas;
also respiration, lung |
spir/o | breathing |
bucc/o | cheek |
dent/o, dent/i | tooth, teeth |
odont/o | tooth, teeth |
gingiv/o | gum (gingiva) |
gloss/o | tongue |
lingu/o | tongue |
gnath/o | jaw |
labi/o | lip |
or/o | mouth |
stoma, stomat/o | mouth |
plata/o | palate |
sial/o | saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct |
uvul/o | uvula |
esophag/o | esophagus |
gastr/o | stomach |
pylor/o | pylorus |
enter/o | intestine |
duoden/o | duodeum |
jujun/o | jejunum |
ile/o | ileum |
cec/o | cecum |
col/o, colon/o | colon |
sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
rect/o | rectum |
proct/o | rectum |
an/o | anus |
hepat/o | liver |
bili | bile |
chol/e, chol/o | bile, gall |
cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
cholangi/o | bile duct |
choledoch/eo | common bile duct |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
-esthesia | sensation |
-algesia | pain |
-osmia | sense fo smell |
-geusia | sense of taste |
-opsia | vision |
-opia | eye, vision |
-x endings
pharynx, coccyx;
thorax, cervix | consonant -> g pharyngeal coccygeal;
vowel -> c thoracotomy cervical |
plural -a
vertebra | ae - vertebrae |
plural -en
lumen | ina - lumina |
plural -ex* (index),
-ix (appendix*),
-yx | -ices
indices, appendix'es', |
plural -is
prognosis | -es
prognoses |
plural -ma
stigma | -mata
stigmata |
plural -nx phalanx
(-anx, -inx meninx, -ynx) | -nges - phalanges,
, meninges, |
plural -on
phenomenon | -a
phenomena |
plural -um
serum | -a
sera |
plural -us
thrombus | -i
thrombi |
LLQ | left lower quadrant |
LUQ | Left upper quadrant |
RLQ | Right lower quadrant |
RUQ | Right upper quadrant |
CA | Cancer |
FUO | Fever of unknown origin |
staph | staphylococcus |
strep | streptococcus |
BP | blood pressure |
c/o | complains of |
I&O | intake and outake |
P | pulse |
PE | physical examination |
PE(R)RLA | pupils equal (regular) react to light and accommodation |
pt | patient |
R | respiration |
R/O | rule out |
T | temperature |
TPR | temperature, pulse, respiration |
VS | vital signs |
WD | well developed |
WNL | within normal limits |
Rx | drug, prescription, therapy |
Bx | biopsy |
C&S | culture and sensitivity |
CT | computed tomography |
Dx | diagnosis |
ICU | intensive care unit |
I&D | incision and drainage |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
AP | anteroposterior |
LL | left lateral |
PA | posteroanterior |
RL | right lateral |
NPO | nothing by mouth |
STAT | immediately |
supp | suppository |
susp | suspension |
tb | tablet |
tinct | tincture |
ung | ointment |
ac | before meals |
ad lib | as desired |
bid | twice a day |
ad lib | as desired |
bid | twice a day |
c | with |
gt(t) | drop(s) |
hs | at bedtime |
IM | intramuscular |
IV | intravenous |
pc | after meals |
po | by mouth |
prn | as neded |
qam | every morning |
qd | every day |
qh | every hour |
q2h | every 2 hours |
q3h | every 3 hours |
s | without |
subcu | subcutaneous |
AMI | acute myocardial infraction |
AS | aortic stenosis; arteriosclerosis |
CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
CAD | coronary artery disease |
CCU | coronary/cardiac care unit |
CHF | congestive heart failure |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CVD | cardiovascular disease |
ECG | electrocardiogram |
EKG | electrocardiogram |
HTN | hypertension |
MI | myocardial infarction |
NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
CBC | complete blood count |
Hb, Hgb | hemoglobin |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
Ht, Hct | hematocrit |
RBC | red blood cell; red blood cell count |
WCB | white blood cell; white blood cell count |
ABG(s) | arterial blood gas(es) |
ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CXR | chest x-ray |
PFT(s) | pulmonary function test(s) |
RDS | Respiratory distress syndrome |
SIDS | suddend infant death syndrome |
TB | tuberculosis |
T&A | tonsils & andenoids; tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
URI | upper respiratory infection |
BM | bowel movment |
GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
GI | gastrointestinal |
HAV | hepatitis A virus |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
HCV | hepatitis C virus |
AS | aortic stenosis; arteriosclerosis |
ARF | acute renal failure |
CRF | chronic renal failure |
ESRD | end-stage renal disease |
GU | genitourinary |
UA | urinalysis |
UTI | urinary tract infection |
BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia (hypertrophy) |
DRE | digital rectal examination |
D&C | dilation & curettage |
GYN | gynecology |
HRT | hormone replacement trapy |
IUD | intrauterine device |
PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
PMS | premenstrual syndrome |
LMP | last menstal period |
NB | newborn |
OB | obstetrics |
DM | diabetes melitus |
FBS | fasting blood sugar |
AD | Alzheimer disease |
ADHD | attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder |
CNS | central nervous system |
CP | cerebral palsy |
CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
EEG | electroencephalogram (graph) |
LOC | level of consciousness |
LP | lumbar puncture |
MS | multiple sclerosis |
TIA | transient ischemic attack |
AD | right ear |
AS | left ear |
AU | both ears; each ear |
ENT | ear(s), nose, & throat |
OM | otitis media |
OD | right eye |
ORL | otorhinolaryngology |
OS | left eye |
OU | both eyes; each eye |
fx | fracture |
OA | osteoarthritis |
ORTH | orthoarthritis |
ortho | orthopedics |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
TMJ | temporomandibular joint |
EMG | electromyography (gram) |
OT | occupational therapy; occupational therapist |
PT | physical therapy; physical therapist |
ROM | range of motion |
BSA | body surface area |
SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
UV | ultraviolet |
ren/o | kidney |
nephr/o | kidney |
glomerul/o | glomerulus |
pyel/o | renal pelvis |
cali/o-, calic/o- | calyx |
ur/o | urine, urninary tract |
urin/o | urine |
ureter/o | ureter |
cyst/o | urinary bladder |
vesic/o | urinary bladder |
urethr/o | urethra |
test/o | testis, testicle |
orchi/o, orchid/o | testis |
osche/o | scrotum |
semin | semen |
sperm/i, spermat/o | semen, spermatozoa |
epididym/o | epididymis |
vas/o | vas deferens, ductus deferens; also vessel |
vesicul/o | seminal vesicle |
prostat/o | prostate |
gyn/o, gynec/o | woman |
men/o, mens | month, menstration |
oo | ovum, egg cell |
ov/o, ovul/o | ovum, egg cell |
ovari/o | ovary |
oophor/o | ovary |
salping/o | oviduct, tube, eustachian tube |
uter/o | uterus |
metr/o, metr/i | uterus |
hyster/o | uterus |
cervic/o | cervix, neck |
vagin/o | vagina |
colp/o | vagina |
vulv/o | vulva |
episi/o | vulva |
perine/o | perineum |
clitor/o, clitorid/o | clitoris |
mamm/o | breast, mammary gland |
mast/o | breast, mammary gland |
amnio | amnion, amniotic sac |
embry/o | embryo |
fet/o | fetus |
toc/o | labor |
nat/i | birth |
lact/o | milk |
galact/o | milk |
gravida | pregnant woman |
para | woman who has given birth |
endocrin/o | endocrine glands or system |
pituitar | pituitary gland, hypophysis |
hypophys | pituitary gland, hypophysis |
thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
parathyro/, parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland |
adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal gland, epinephrine |
adrenocortic/o | adrenal cortex |
insul/o | pancreatic islets |
neur/o, neur/i | nervous system, nervous tissue, nerve |
gli/o | neuroglia |
gangli/o, ganglion,/ | ganglion |
mening/o, meninge/o | meninges |
myel/o | spinal cord (also bone marrow) |
radicul/o | spinal nerver root |
encephal/o | brain |
cerebr/o | cerebrum (loosely, brain) |
cortic/o | cerebral cortex, outer portion |
cerebell/o | cerebellum |
thalam/o | thalamus |
vertricul/o | cavity, ventricle |
medull/o | medulla oblongata (also spinal cord) |
psych/o | mind |
narc/o | stupor, unconsciousness |
somn/o, somn/i | sleep |
audi/o | hearing |
acous, acus, cus | sound, hearing |
ot/o | ear |
myring/o | tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane |
stapedo/, stapedi/o | stapes |
labyrinth/o | labyrinth (inner ear) |
vestibul/o | vestibule, vestibular apparatus |
cochle/o | cochlea of inner ear |
blephar/o | eyelid |
palpebr/o | eyelid |
dacry/o | tear, lacrimal apparatus |
dacryocyst/o | lacrimal sac |
lacrim/o | tear, lacrimal apparatus |
opt/o | eye, vision |
ocul/o | eye |
ophthalm/o | eye |
corne/o | cornea |
kerat/o | cornea |
lent/i | lens |
phak/o, phac/o | lens |
uve/o | uvea |
chori/o, choroid/o | choroid |
cycl/o | ciliary body, ciliary muscle |
ir, irit/o, irid/o | iris |
pupill/o | pupil |
retin/o | retina |
oste/o | bone |
myel/o | bone marrow; also spinal cord |
chondr/o | cartilage |
arthr/o | joint |
synov/i | synovial fluid, joint, or membrane |
burs/o | bursa |
crani/o | skull, cranium |
spondyl/o | vertebrae |
vertebr/o | vertebra, spinal column |
rachi/o | spine |
cost/o | rib |
sacr/o | scrum |
coccy, coccyg/o | coccyx |
pelvi/o | pelvis |
ili/o | ilium |
my/o | muscle |
muscul/o | muscle |
in/o | fiber |
fasci/o | fascia |
ten/o, tendin,o | tendon |
ton/o | tone |
erg/o | work |
kin/o, kine, kineshi/o, kinet/o | movement |
derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
kerat/o | kartin, horny layer of the skin |
melan/o | dark, black, melanin |
hidr/o | sweat, perspiration |
seb/o | sebum, sebaceous gland |
trich/o | hair |
oncych/o | nail |