Question | Answer |
what are the functions of the digestive system | Ingestion
Secretion
mixing and propulsion
Digestion
absorption
defecation |
what is eating | ingestion |
release of water, enzymes, buffers | secretion |
movement along GI tract | mixing and propulsion |
breaking down of foods | digestion |
moving products of digestion into the body | absorption |
dumping waste products | defecation |
A tube through which foods pass and where digestion and absorption occur. | GI tract |
parts of a GI tract | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
Organs that help in digestion but through which food never passes. | accessory organs |
accessory organs | teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
Layers of the GI wall. Esophagus to anus. | 1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa: visceral layer of peritoneum |
90% of absorption of products of digestion occurs where? | the small intestine |
Maneuvers food for chewing and Adjusts shape for speech and swallowing | tongue |
the three pairs of salivary glands | Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual |
Largest; inferior and anterior to ears (salivary gland) | parotid |
In floor of mouth; medial and inferior to mandible (salivary gland) | submandibular |
Inferior to tongue and superior to submandibular | Sublingual |
Accessory organs in bony sockets of mandible and maxilla | teeth |
J- shaped enlargement of GI tract, Mixing chamber and holding reservoir, Very elastic/expandable and muscular, Four regions | stomach |
behind stomach, Produces pancreatic juice in acinar cells | pancreas |
what are the functions of bile | Emulsification and absorbing of fats |
the functions of the kidneys | Regulation of Plasma ion composition
Regulation of Body water Volume (BP)
Regulation of blood pH (with lung)
Production of Hormones
Excretion of waste |
inner portion of kidney | medulla |
outer portion of kidney | cortex |
urine goes into | renal pelvis |
urine goes out | uretor |
what filters plasma | Glomerular filtration |
urine route | Collecting ducts to calyces
Calyces to ureter
Ureter to bladder
Bladder to urethra |
release of hormones into interstitial fluid, blood, and general circulation | Endocrine system |
in endocrine glands.... | Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal |
organs that produce hormones but also have other functions.. | Hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue, and placenta |
what are hormones carried in? | blood stream |
what are hormone secretions regulated by? | signals from the nervous system, chemical changes in blood, other hormones. |
seven anterior pituitary hormones | Human growth hormone (hGH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
Secreted by liver, muscle, cartilage, bone cells
Actions of IGFs much like those of insulin | human growth hormones |
what does follicle stimulating hormone start in women? | egg production and estrogen production |
what does Luteinizing hormone stimulate in women | completion of egg and it's ovulation, secretion of progesterone and estrogen. |
What does follicle stimulating hormone start in men | sperm production in testes |
what does luteinizing hormone stimulate in men | release of testosterone in testes |
what initiates and maintains milk production in mammary glands? | prolactin |
what does ejaculation of milk depend on? | oxytocin |
what controls production and secretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
what has Small amounts in bloodstream and excess amounts causes skin darkening | Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone |
what cause kidneys to retain more water | Antidiuretic hormone |
what is located inferior to the larynx | thyroid gland |
air moving in and out of lungs | pulmonary ventilation |
gas exchange between alveoli and lungs | External respiration |
gas exchange between blood and cells | internal respiration |
2 lobes and cardiac notch | left lung |
3 lobes | right lung |