| Question | Answer |
| what are the functions of the digestive system | Ingestion
Secretion
mixing and propulsion
Digestion
absorption
defecation |
| what is eating | ingestion |
| release of water, enzymes, buffers | secretion |
| movement along GI tract | mixing and propulsion |
| breaking down of foods | digestion |
| moving products of digestion into the body | absorption |
| dumping waste products | defecation |
| A tube through which foods pass and where digestion and absorption occur. | GI tract |
| parts of a GI tract | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
| Organs that help in digestion but through which food never passes. | accessory organs |
| accessory organs | teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
| Layers of the GI wall. Esophagus to anus. | 1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa: visceral layer of peritoneum |
| 90% of absorption of products of digestion occurs where? | the small intestine |
| Maneuvers food for chewing and Adjusts shape for speech and swallowing | tongue |
| the three pairs of salivary glands | Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual |
| Largest; inferior and anterior to ears (salivary gland) | parotid |
| In floor of mouth; medial and inferior to mandible (salivary gland) | submandibular |
| Inferior to tongue and superior to submandibular | Sublingual |
| Accessory organs in bony sockets of mandible and maxilla | teeth |
| J- shaped enlargement of GI tract, Mixing chamber and holding reservoir, Very elastic/expandable and muscular, Four regions | stomach |
| behind stomach, Produces pancreatic juice in acinar cells | pancreas |
| what are the functions of bile | Emulsification and absorbing of fats |
| the functions of the kidneys | Regulation of Plasma ion composition
Regulation of Body water Volume (BP)
Regulation of blood pH (with lung)
Production of Hormones
Excretion of waste |
| inner portion of kidney | medulla |
| outer portion of kidney | cortex |
| urine goes into | renal pelvis |
| urine goes out | uretor |
| what filters plasma | Glomerular filtration |
| urine route | Collecting ducts to calyces
Calyces to ureter
Ureter to bladder
Bladder to urethra |
| release of hormones into interstitial fluid, blood, and general circulation | Endocrine system |
| in endocrine glands.... | Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal |
| organs that produce hormones but also have other functions.. | Hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue, and placenta |
| what are hormones carried in? | blood stream |
| what are hormone secretions regulated by? | signals from the nervous system, chemical changes in blood, other hormones. |
| seven anterior pituitary hormones | Human growth hormone (hGH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
| Secreted by liver, muscle, cartilage, bone cells
Actions of IGFs much like those of insulin | human growth hormones |
| what does follicle stimulating hormone start in women? | egg production and estrogen production |
| what does Luteinizing hormone stimulate in women | completion of egg and it's ovulation, secretion of progesterone and estrogen. |
| What does follicle stimulating hormone start in men | sperm production in testes |
| what does luteinizing hormone stimulate in men | release of testosterone in testes |
| what initiates and maintains milk production in mammary glands? | prolactin |
| what does ejaculation of milk depend on? | oxytocin |
| what controls production and secretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| what has Small amounts in bloodstream and excess amounts causes skin darkening | Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone |
| what cause kidneys to retain more water | Antidiuretic hormone |
| what is located inferior to the larynx | thyroid gland |
| air moving in and out of lungs | pulmonary ventilation |
| gas exchange between alveoli and lungs | External respiration |
| gas exchange between blood and cells | internal respiration |
| 2 lobes and cardiac notch | left lung |
| 3 lobes | right lung |
