Question | Answer |
Precursors of Teen Pregnancy | adolescent development, antecedent characteristics, interpersonal influences, media influences |
TP: Developmental Antecedents | maturity, validation, identity |
TP: Cognitive/ Psychological Antecedents | norms, knowledge, less religious |
TP: Family Influences | closeness, values, structure, abuse |
TP: Contextual Influences | neighborhood, cohesion, SES |
Media Influences | contraceptives, 6-7 hrs, 2x |
Consequences of Early Childrearing | SES, education, health, family |
MH: Medical Model | suffering, biological, categorical, professionals |
MH: Medical Model Risk Factors | genetic, poverty, trauma, substance, personality, social, family |
MH: Medical Model Protective Factors | personality, social, family, physical, secure, prosocial |
MH: Medical Model Benefits | avenue, short-term, reduce stigma, manualized, neurological |
MH: Medical Model Limitations | individual, psychotropic, controlled by, chronic |
MH: Teen Suicide | leading, tripled, thinking, gender |
MH: Thinking Patterns | cognitive constriction, dichotomous thinking, cognitive rigidity, cognitive distortion |
Homeless Youth | individual who lacks a fixed regular place at residence, unaccompanied |
HY: 3 Inter-related categories | family, economic, residential instability |
Challenges faced by homeless youth | employment, shelter, sex, substance, health, school |
HY: Govt Policies/ Initiatives | Runaway and Homeless Youth Act, U.S. Inter-Council Agency on Homelessness, Independent Living Initiatives |
Juvenile Delinquency | declining; non-violent; gender; law-breaking; antisocial (non-index, index, gang, shootings, aggression, vandalism, fighting); |
JD: Risk Factors | family, truancy, community, peers, substance, economic, "Get tough", media, race, |
JD: Protective Factors | accountability, punishment, family, monitoring, activities, school, neighborhood |
JD: Hagedorn's Framework | Roman Republic, inter-generational, urban poor, alternative, music |
Educational Risk | parental, network, resilience, competency (5 C's), shortage, salaries, prisons, drop out rates declining |
ER: School Engagement | academic, behavioral, cognitive, psychological (belonging) |
ER: Predictors of School Dropout | absenteeism, less engagement, deviant, school w/ low achievement scores, mobility, low parental education, work/fam responsibilities |
Substance Use | overall drug rates declined, adolescent use incr, "weather vanes" (brains, habituation) |
SU: Environmental & Social Correlates | poverty, racism, education, media, peers, parental (*connectedness & involvement) |
SU: Personal Correlates | psychic pain, coping, pleasure seeking, independence, impulsive/ inability to delay gratification |
SU: Harm Reduction | do no harm, biopsychosocial, initially adaptive, self-efficacy, use doesn't always lead to dependence |
Primary Prevention | proactive; reduction of new cases (e.g. drug ed, vaccinations) |
Secondary Prevention | reactive; reduce current rates, for those at risk of developing a disorder (e.g. screening tests) |
Tertiary Prevention | reactive; treatment, reduce severity, treat harmful effects of existing problem (e.g. child protection services) |
Targeting at risk populations | impaired parenting: foster care, incarceration, homeless, abuse, neglect, substance, depression symptoms |
Principles for Early Intervention | whole, partnership, transitions, early, settings, entry points, funding, staff |
Family Interventions | Problematic behavior may:
1. serve as function or purpose for family
2. be function of family's inability to operate productively especially during developmental transitions
3. be symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed down across generations |
FI: Paradigm Shift | individual -> relationship oriented therapy, 20th century, WWII |
FI: Multisystemic Therapy (MST) | family/home based, serious, antisocial, leading intervention, parent skills |
FI: Context-Oriented Perspective | cultural, community, relational structures, neighborhood |
Multi-problem Families (MPF) | lack coping skills, focus on present, not on future consequences of actions, most challenging, blame system |
MPF: Problems within Family | poor self-concept/esteem, low education, social isolation, health & nutrition, communication, helplessness, SES, violence, substance abuse |
Ecologically Sensitive Practices | complexity of cause-effect relationships in HD suggests that best interventions are multi-pronged; pyramid of principles, naturalistic, timing, individual & cultural differences |
ESP: Social Justice | bottom, macro, degree to which society supports conditions necessary for self-determination and self or family development |
ESP: Harm Reduction | to lessen consequences of risky behavior |
ESP: Promote HD | multi spheres of influence, proximal processes, systemic reorganization, outreach in community |
ESP: Goodness of Fit | need match between needs & resources of family and resources, supports, and capacities of environment |
ESP: Postmodern Therapies | externalizes, new self, marginalized, self-reflection, clients as experts, short term, highly focused |
ESP: Building Strengths & Fostering Resilience | on person's positive contribution, "active agents," non-threatening, autonomy, hope-inducing |