Word | Definition |
Plate | A large section of Earth's crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere |
Fault | Surfaces that broken rocks move across |
Earthquake | The vibrations produced by the breaking of rock |
Normal Fault | Rock above the fault surface moves downward in relation to rock below the fault surface |
Reverse Fault | Surface is forced up and over the rock below the fault surface |
Strike-slip Fault | Rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much upward or downward movement |
Wave | Rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter and space |
Seismic Waves | Generated by an earthquake and travel through Earth |
Focus | The point where the energy of an earthquake first occurs |
Primary Waves | Causes particles in rocks to move back and forth in the same direction that the wave is traveling |
Secondary Waves | Move through Earth by causing particles in rocks to move at right angles to the direction the wave travels |
Surface Waves | Move rock particles in a backward, rolling motion and side to side in a swaying moton |
Epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake focus |
Seismograph | An instrument that measures seismic waves from earthquakes |
Crest | The highest point of a wave |
Magnitude | The height of lines traced on the paper of a seismograph is the measure of the energy that is released of the earthquake |
Liquefaction | The shaking from an earthquake causing soil to act like liquid |
Tsunamis | ocean waves caused by earthquakes and are called seismic sea waves |