Question | Answer |
Hellas | The Greek name for Greece |
Hellenes | those who traced their history back to a powerful king, Hellen, a name by which the Greeks became known |
Mycenaeans | Civilization that dominated Greece and the Aegean after the fall of the Minoans |
Dorians | northern invaders of southern Greece, ancestors of the Spartans |
Hubris | Excessive pride |
aristoi | men who rose to prominence because of increased wealth, based on personal qualities as well |
Dark Ages | Period of decline after the invasion of Dorians, profound effet on political assumptions of the classical Greeks |
Characteristics of Greek gods | capricious, superhuman, interfering in human affairs |
Main occupation of the aristoi | Trade, plunder, piracy |
Idea of heroic ideals | based on Homeric writings |
Iliad | Epic recounting the Trojan War |
Odyssey | Trials & tribulation of Odysseus on his return journey of 20 years |
Argos | Only one to recognize Odysseus on his return |
Polis | City and its surrounding area |
Phoenicians | introduced alphabet and design for trade ships |
asty | the heart of the city, market place |
khora | the lands that surrounded the city |
synoikismos | the process of early polis formation, literaly, the "bringing together of dwellings" |
Magna Graecia | Roman name" Greater Greece" colonies established in Mediterranean Sea and elsewhere |
Panhellenism | "all Greeks have a common heritage" |
Olympiads | Series of games dedicated to the Greek Gods, time of peace, allowed for sense of community, every four years |
Hoplite warfare | Foot soldiers that protected the aristocrats and the polis |
phalanx | Tight military formation, rows and columnns, well-coordinated action, short battles |
hoplon | hoplite shield |
symposium | social, boys club, used for entertainment and political advances |
homosexuality | practiced among some Athenian aristocracy - sexual and political mentorship |
tyrannos | one who seized power outside ordinary practices |
demos | the people, began receiving more rights through demands of hoplites |
Athens | Attica city state, first democracy |
magistrates | city administrators |
archons | 9 aristracts that held executive power, one year term |
Aeropagus Council | elected archos, self-sustaining elite group, each archon became member of council after serving 1 year term |
Debt slavery | used by aristocracy to collect debts |
Drako (Draco) | first reformer, first harsh codification of laws |
draconian | adj - extremely harsh |
Solon | ended up pleasing no one, more rights for demos, eliminated debt slavery, jury trials |
Psistratus | Gather to the lower classes, coined moned, reduced taxes, nepotism, paradise |
Cleisthenes | Father of Athenian democracy, changed tribes based on location & loyalty to state, increased council to 500, introduced ostracism |
ostracism | political exile of a rival, ten year period |
Sparta | City state on Peloponnesus, military, government - different |
dual monarchy | 2 kings prevented aristocratic competition, one elected to serve as military leader, the other civil |
Apella | Council consisting of males ovoer 30, voted yes/no on suggestions of elders |
gerousia | Council of Elders, those over sixty, with age comes wisdon |
Krypteia | "secret police", kept eye on helots, |
helots | Messenian slaves, tied to land, occupied western of the Peloponnesus, conquered by Spartan & enslaved |
Spartiates | the professional soldiers, the warriors, strict military training |
Periokoi | those who travel, the class that did trade, etc. for Spartans who were not allowed to travel |
Miletus | Hellenic city of Ionia, center of pre-Socratic thought, first city to establish colonies |
Milesian School | phiolosophic thinkers, based on rational thought and materials, cosmos not controlled by capricious god |
Thales | Father of Philosophy, Four elements, water most important |
Anaimander | Air most important element |
Herodotus | Father of History, Wrote History of the Persian Wars |
Thucydides | Scientific Historian - History of the Peloponnesean Wars |