Question | Answer |
Long Bones | shaft & enlarged ends
example: leg bones & arm bones |
Short Bones | blocky in shape & structure
example: carpals & tarsals |
Flat Bones | flat
example: cranium, ribs, clavicle, scapula, sternum, hip bones (largest; where most of our blood cells are made) |
Irregular Bones | others; everything else
example: face bones, cheek bones, jaw, vertebra, xyphoid process |
Diaphysis | shaft; made mostly of compact bone |
Compact Bone | has a central canal with rings of cells |
Medullary Cavity | contains endosteum & yellow bone marrow |
Yellow Bone Marrow | store fats |
Epiphysis | mostly spongy bone |
Spongy Bone | more beneficial where bones are coming into contact; mostly myeloid tissue |
Red Bone Marrow (myeloid tissue) | makes blood cells; stem cells (unspecialized) |
Periosteum | fairly thick membrane o the outside of the bone |
Articular Cartilage | cartilage cap that we have over the epyphysis if the bone forms a joint with antoher bone |
Osteons (Haversian Systems) | group of cells surrounding one central canal |
Haversian Canal | cental canal; microscopic opening containing neurons & capillaries |
Osteocyte | general term for bone cells |
Lacuane | space where we find osteocyte |
Canaliculi | connects all the lacunae which all feedback to the central nervous system; delivery system |
Endochondral Ossification | process used to make a long bone |
Endochondral | process that occurs into/within cartilage |
Ossification | harden or become rock like; depositing of minerals |
Osteoblasts | bone cells that add calcium to the bone (taking from body fluids) |
Primary Ossification Center | area in the diaphysis where calcium is being deposited |
Secondary Ossification Center | at lease 2 found in the epiphysis, one for each structure found at the ends |
Epiphyseal Plate | growth plate; cartilage between primary & secondary centers; last areas where calcium will be deposited; once changed into bone, growing is complete |
Remodeling/Repair of bones | why? amount of calcium in body fluids kept in homeostasis
how? osteoblasts responsible for adding & osteoclasts responsible for taking |
Osteoclasts | have the ability to dissolve bone and remove calcium |
Functions of Bones | support, protection, movement, hematopoiesis, storage |
Support | rigid framework to support the body |
Protection | lungs, brain, heart, spine surrounded by a case of bones |
Movement | connected in was that allow movement as well as connected to muscles which provide the force for movment |
Hematopoiesis | making blood cells |
Storage | calcium & other minerals, fat- yellow marrow |