Question | Answer |
Define tetrapeptide. | 4 Amino acids linked together |
A protein made up of three different proteins and is found in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Its main function is to regulate muscle contraction. Used to diagnose and monitor MI. | Troponin |
Copper containing protein | Ceruloplasmin |
Define Tertiary structure of a protein. | The three-dimensional structure of a protein |
Define amphoteric. | proteins can have a postive or negative charge |
(an acute phase reactant) neutralizes enzymes that can cause structure damage to proteins | Alpha-1 antitrypsin |
Contain peptide chains, which, on hydrolysis (addition of water) breakdown into amino acids only. | Simple proteins |
Define the quaternary structure of a protein. | The arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains |
Define primary structure of a protein. | Number, kinds of amino acids, and their sequence in the polypeptide chain |
Define dipeptide. | 2 amino acids linked together |
protein marker for neural tube disorders, spina bifida and fetal distress in general | Alpha-1 fetoprotein (AFP) |
Define the secondary structure of a protein. | Winding of the polypeptide chain, usualy forms a helix |
What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino acids |
Define polypeptide. | More than 4 amino acids linked together. |
Antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgD, IgE, IgA) | Immunoglobulins |
Five common bands seen on a serum electrophoresis. | albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta-globulins, gamma globulins |
An increased level of protein above the normal patient reference range. | Hyperproteinemia |
(plasma protein in highest concentration in blood) maintains blood pressure and binds various substances in the blood | Albumin |
Binds free hemoglobin – used to evaluate rheumatic disease and intravascular hemolysis | Haptoglobin |
Removal of heme portion of hemoglobin molecule from the blood | Hemopexin |
Define tripeptide. | 3 amino acids linked together |
A protein found in skeletal and cardiac muscles, concentration level increases in the blood when there is damage to muscles. | Myoglobin |
Define aminoacidopathy. | Enzyme defect that inhibits the body's ability to metabolize certain amino acids |
Forms fibron clot when activated by thrombin | Fibrinogen |
Define denaturation. | Loss of function & molecular characteristics due to heat, hydrolysis, UV light. |
Inhibits thrombin and certain enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) | Alpha-2 macroglobulin |
A collection of several proteins that participate in the immune response, also participate in the inflammatory response | Complement |
(acute phase reactant) associated with inflammatory conditions, phagocytosis | C-reactive protein (CRP) |
A decreased level of protein below the normal patient reference range. | Hypoproteinemia |
Define nitrogen balance. | anabolism equals catabolism |
Separates proteins on the basis of the isoelectric potential (pI). | Principle of isoelectric focusing (IEF) |
Separates proteins on the basis of their electrical charges | Electrophoresis |
Transports iron and prevents loss of iron through the kidneys | Transferrin |
Define isoelectric point (pI). | When the AA or protein has no charge. |
Transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids in the blood | Lipoproteins |
Component of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) (Major histocompatibility complex that deals with immunity) | Beta-2 microglobulin |
Serves as a transport mechanism for the thyroid hormones, also an indicator of malnutrition | Prealbumin |
Are made up of a couple of structures - an apoprotein and a prosthetic group (carbohydrate, lipid, porphyrin, metals, etc.) | Conjugated proteins |