Question | Answer |
Four Properties of Sound | Duration, Amplitute, Frequency, Timbre |
Duration | how long a pitch lasts |
Amplitude | loud/soft |
Frequency | pitch, measured in hertz |
Timbre | colour, shape of wave, overtone series; lower notes have more overtone (sounds unclear) |
Why is hte Oboe the tuning instrument of an Orchestra? | Because it has the least overtone |
Envelope | envelope of a duration consists of ATTACK, SUSTAIN, DECAY |
Piece of Music | the score, basic info about 4 principle parts is incorporated here |
Clef | from the french meaning "key" |
Rhythm | beat (pulse) and tempo |
Beat | steadyness in which the rhythm fits |
Meter | grouping of beast into a pattern of strong and weak |
Smallest Distance between Pitches | half step |
Enharmonic | same sound, different name (i.e. F/E+) |
Chromatic half step | have to keep same letter name (i.e. F-->F+-->FX) |
Diatonic Half step | Adjacent letters (i.e. F--> E-) |
Largo | very slow |
Lento | Slow |
Adagio | Calm and at Ease |
Andante | Walking Speed |
Endings: ino, etto | A little |
Ending: Issimo | A lot |
Allegretto | a little lively |
Allegro | Lively |
Vivace | Very Lively |
Presto | Fast |
Simple Meter | Duple-->strong-->weak |
Triple Meter | Strong--weak--weak |
Quadruple Meter | Strong--weak--medium--weak |
Chromatic Scale | Uses sharps ascending, flats descending |
Whole Tone Scale | all whole steps, skips one letter (c--d--e--f--g--B) |
Octatonic Scale | alternates btn whole and half, repeats one letter |
Major Scale | no repeating letters, no skipping letters, no mixing of sharps and flats |
Tonic | serves as the central note, all others work around it |
Supertonic | 2nd note |
Mediant | 3rd Note |
Subdominant | 4th Note |
Dominant | 5th Note |
Submediant | 6th Note |
Leading Tone | 7th Note |
Syncopation | when the beat and rhythm are not in line with one another |
Rubato | beat is more elastic; beat sounds like it changes, used for expressive purposes |
Hemiola | swswsw |
Major 3rd | WW |
Minor 3rd | WH |
Dorian Mode | D-->D |
Church Modes | No key signatures, no skipping letters, diatonic, no repeating letters |
Phrygian | E-->E |
Lydian | F-->F |
Mixolydian | G-->G |